機構托育品質與經濟弱勢幼兒身心發展之相關研究

A Study of Relationship between Child Care Quality and Developments of Economically Disadvantaged Children

黃玉蓮(Yu-Lien Huang)

指導教授 ： 馮燕

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.02154

摘要

幼兒早期的發展成果將延續至成人時期，因此幼兒期的發展相當重要。對於經濟弱勢幼兒而言，其家庭環境的弱勢條件，可能會不利於幼兒的發展，影響到他/她們的未來。高品質的托育機構可提供幼兒更豐富的學習機會，緩衝家庭不良條件對經濟弱勢幼兒的負面影響。本研究即在了解機構托育品質狀況，進一步探討機構托育品質與經濟弱勢幼兒發展之相關。
研究者曾參與國科會【托育系統與幼兒發展︰學齡前幼兒的追蹤觀察研究】三年計畫(計畫編號為NSC96-2412-H002-010-SS3)之研究團隊，本研究係採用於2010年4月間蒐集之第三年資料，以臺北縣市五歲之經濟弱勢幼兒為對象，選擇社會能力與體適能作為幼兒身心發展的指標範圍。樣本為就托於台北縣市23間托兒所的102位幼兒。以「幼兒學習環境評量表（ECERS–R）」和「托兒所基本資料表」評量機構托育品質，並區分為「過程品質」與「結構品質」二面向；以「幼兒體適能量表」和「幼兒社會能力問卷」來測量幼兒發展。
研究重要發現包括:
一、經濟弱勢幼兒的體適能發展與一般幼兒的體適能發展無異，但社會能力發展則有所差異，平均分數較低。
二、團體大小、師生比已明訂為我國托育機構立案的標準中，是為基本門檻，所以無法成為區辨結構品質的指標；僅有機構教保人員教育程度一項，與托育過程品質(以ECERS–R測量)有關。
三、幼兒的社會能力發展和都市化程度有關，且機構托育品質亦與都市化程度有關。
四、本研究樣本托育機構絕大多數(83%)屬中等品質，彼此之間差異性很小，以致樣本幼兒之發展與托育機構品質之間無統計上顯著差異。

文後並對如何協助經濟弱勢幼兒發展，提出政策面和實務面的建議。包括：
一、政府相關政策應超越金錢補助與托育機構的提供。
二、應考量從社區與托育機構來補強家庭功能不足的措施與作法。

關鍵字

機構托育品質 ； 過程品質 ； 結構品質 ； 幼兒身心發展

並列摘要

The child development in early childhood is very important, because it has a great impact on the future of the child. For the economically disadvantaged children, their poor home environment may lead to the poor developments of children. High quality child care can provide economically disadvantaged children more rich learning opportunities and it can prevent children from the negative effects of low income. Main purposes of this study include: “Understand the quality of child care”, and “The relation between the quality of child care and development of the economically disadvantaged children.”
This research is using date from the third year study of the National Science Council Project [Child care and Child Development: Follow-up Study of Preschool Children for Three Years ] (Project Number:NSC96-2412-H002-010-SS3). The study focused on economically disadvantaged children (ages 5 years) in Taipei County and Taipei City, and we selected the “physical fitness” and “social ability” as the targets of developments.
Study samples cover 23 childcares in Taipei County and Taipei City, and include a total of 102 children. The study uses "Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ECERS-R)" and "Child Care Background" to measure child care quality, and uses "Physical Fitness of Children" and "Social Ability of Children" to measure the developments of children. Highlights of the research findings include:
1.The physical fitness of economically disadvantaged children is no different from the general children, but their social ability is worse than the general children.
2.Group size and teacher-student ratio are the baselines of our child care, so only the education of teachers is related to process quality.
3.Social ability of children is related to urbanization , and the quality of child care is also related to urbanization.
4.Most of the child care in this study are medium quality, and the variances are really small and make no significant difference statistically.
Suggestions to assist the developments of economically disadvantaged children include:
1.Government policies should go beyond cash grants and child care.
2.It reinforces the inadequacy of the family from community and child care.

Keywords : child care quality,process quality, structural quality, child development

並列關鍵字

child care quality ； process quality ； structural quality ； child development

參考文獻

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