景觀影像空間頻率對注意力恢復力與腦區反應之影響

Neural Correlates of Natural Scenes: Effects of Scene Category and Spatial Frequency on Brain Activation Responses

李欣恬(Hsin-Tien Lee)

指導教授 ： 張俊彥

共同指導教授 ： 何立智(Li-Chih Ho)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700149

摘要

根據前人研究指出，自然景觀相較於都市景觀，能夠受到觀賞者的偏好，且提供較佳的注意力恢復力與心理效益(Bratman et al., 2015; Tennessen & Cimprich, 1995; Ulrich et al., 1991; Van den Berg et al., 2014; Velarde et al., 2007)，然而恢復性環境會具有何種環境特徵，是否會受到影像視覺特徵之影響？
本研究目的為以影像低階視覺特徵的觀點，探討不同景觀類型與空間頻率構成的環境影像之偏好與注意力恢復力，並深入討論景觀影像刺激對人體大腦反應之影響。研究方法為將環境影像分為海岸、森林、都市三種景觀類型，再利用空間頻率分布為分類依據，區分高空間頻率與低空間頻率類別，共六種景觀類型，結合持續注意力測驗(Sustained Attention to Response Test; SART)、偏好問卷(preference question scales)與功能性磁振造影(functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI)儀器進行實驗。研究結果顯示景觀類型對偏好具有顯著差異(F=19.42, p<0.001)，以海岸類型偏好平均數(3.39)為最高；而景觀類型與空間頻率對SART之正確率(Accurate Correct Rate; ACC)與反應時間(Response Time; RT)則無顯著差異。在景觀影像刺激對大腦反應之結果，主要具有顯著活化的腦區為枕葉中之舌回(lingual gyrus)與楔葉(cuneus)；而觀看都市類型影像相較於海岸類型，海馬旁回(parahippocampal gyrus)會具有顯著活化的現象。藉由本研究結果能夠提供景觀影像低階視覺特徵對人們感知之影響的研究觀點，並瞭解人們與自然環境間互動的關係。

關鍵字

景觀類型 ； 空間頻率 ； 低階視覺特徵 ； 恢復性環境 ； 功能性磁振造影

並列摘要

Previous researches have shown that human have a preference for images of natural scenes over built environments, and being in or viewing natural scenes can improve attention and psychological benefits (Ulrich et al., 1991; Tennessen & Cimprich, 1995; Lohr & Pearson-Mims, 2006; Velarde et al., 2007; Van den Berg et al., 2014). However, what are the features in the landscapes that produce these benefits? On the another hand, these benefits whether affect by the visual property of landscape images?
With the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it provides different perspectives for landscape studies, and we can get understanding of environmental stimuli and the human brain activation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the responses of brain activation and psychology to natural scenes. We focused on the relationship between individuals’ perceptions and the environmental features. According to prior studies, the landscape type of natural and urban were mainly be discussed, besides the preference and positive inference of water scenes have been proved (Ulrich et al., 1991; White et al., 2010). In addition, the studies showed that the spatial frequency of landscape images may be the factors influencing viewer preference and attention (Berman et al., 2014; Graham et al., 2016; Ho et al., 2014; Kardan et al., 2015; Kihara & Takeda,2012; Valtchanov & Ellard, 2015). The results of this study are based on three types of landscape: natural forest, urban and water landscape, while analysis the spatial frequency of landscape images to separate low and high frequency categories.
In this study, we used fMRI to monitor brain activity responses. Participants were asked to perform the Sustained Attention to Response Test (SART), answer the preference question scales, while viewing a mixture of photographs of scene category (coast, forest, and urban) and different spatial frequency (low and high frequency). The result shows that there were different patterns of brain activation associated with different landscapes, activation responses were common found in lingual gyrus and cuneus. In viewing urban minus coast images condition, the parahippocampal gyrus were found activated. The functions of lingual gyrus and cuneus are visual information processing, regulating visual stimulation and semantic processing. The parahippocampal gyrus is involved with environmental scene recognition and visual scene memory coding. The findings of this study provide a viewpoint to the influence of landscape features on human perceptions, and how individuals interact with nature and environment.

並列關鍵字

scene category ； spatial frequency ； low-level visual property ； restorative environment ； fMRI

參考文獻

Berman, M. G., Hout, M. C., Kardan, O., Hunter, M. R., Yourganov, G., Henderson, J. M., ... & Jonides, J. (2014). The perception of naturalness correlates with low-level visual features of environmental scenes. PloS one, 9(12), e114572.

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