應用Pour-through介質溶液測定法於以水草栽培之蝴蝶蘭

Applying Pour-through Medium Solution Testing Method on Phalaenopsis Grown with Sphagnum Moss

么煥英(Huan-Ying Yao)

指導教授 ： 張耀乾

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01225

摘要

蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis spp.)適宜用肥雖已有不少研究，然結果似因不同栽培環境而異，至今仍無定論。介質狀況為肥培管理之最佳依據，蝴蝶蘭之栽培研究於此方面卻少有著墨。Pour-through (PT)為非破壞性、有效且方便之介質溶液測量方法，利用淋洗以置換介質溶液，最能反應植物實際生長環境，且不需額外增購貴重儀器，適宜推廣。然台灣及日本業者多以水草栽種蝴蝶蘭，其理化性異於一般無土介質，能否將PT運用於蝴蝶蘭肥培管理尚待確立。

為確立PT是否可應用於水草，並訂定其標準程序，本試驗分別對傾注水量、傾注水質、收取淋洗液時間進行試驗。結果顯示，於10.5公分盆，施肥後1小時以40至90 mL蒸餾水傾注，所收取淋洗液EC及pH無顯著差異。於施肥後1小時以EC 0.001至0.926 dS•m-1之水溶液60 mL傾注，對淋洗液EC及pH亦無顯著影響，因此實際應用可以各式水質為傾注水。施肥後自第20分鐘至第160分鐘，以60 mL蒸餾水傾注，所收集之介質淋洗液EC無顯著差異。上述結果證實PT可應用於以水草介質栽培之蝴蝶蘭，10.5公分(3.5寸)盆建議之操作程序為：施肥後靜置平衡1小時，以60 mL蒸餾水緩緩注入水草表面，收取淋洗液進行相關檢測。於8.5公分(2.8寸)盆建議之操作程序則為傾注水40 mL。

確立PT運用於以水草栽培之蝴蝶蘭之標準程序後，本試驗期能訂定最合適蝴蝶蘭生長之介質EC、pH範圍，以供業者栽培參考。自台灣台中、彰化、嘉義、台南、屏東等地區，隨機選取十間蘭園取樣調查，以PT分析295盆蝴蝶蘭10.5公分盆苗株之介質pH及EC，探討介質溶液與根品系質之關係。樣品之介質EC分布於0.3至2.2 dS•m-1之間；介質pH則分布於3-5。介質pH對根品質影響不顯著，而隨介質EC的增加，根品質呈下降的趨勢。具最佳根品質之植株，其介質EC多分布於0.4-0.9 dS•m-1之間。

為進一步瞭解不同介質溶液對蝴蝶蘭生長之影響，以0、100、200、300及400 mg•L-1 N等五種不同濃度Peters Excel 15-5-15 Cal-Mag液肥，施於8.5公分(2.8寸)盆苗，量測其生長量並以PT分析介質溶液。0 mg•L-1 N處理植株之乾重於第12週開始，顯著低於有施肥組別。第16週試驗結束，100、200、300及400 mg•L-1 N四濃度肥料處理間，植株鮮重、乾重無顯著差異；然而隨著肥料濃度的增加，地上部生長量增加而地下部生長減少。在植株巨量元素濃度方面，氮、磷、鉀濃度均隨施肥濃度的增加而增加；鈣、鎂濃度於四施肥處理組間則無顯著差異。高於100 mg•L-1 N的施肥處理，雖然增加植株中氮、磷、鉀元素的濃度，然而植株乾鮮重均未隨之增加，因此認為100 mg•L-1 N應已足夠生長需求。100 mg•L-1 N處理之介質pH介於2.5-4，介質EC介於0.6-1.0 dS•m-1之間。

綜合上述，當以水草為栽培介質，PT為介質溶液監測方法時，維持介質EC範圍於0.6-0.9 dS•m-1、pH範圍於3-5，應有利於高品質蝴蝶蘭成株之生產。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 介質溶液 ； 水草

並列摘要

The fertilization management of Phalaenopsis has been well researched, but the results varied upon cultivation conditions. It can be improved if medium solution testing is applied, but such study was not found on Phalaenopsis. Pour-through is an undestructive, effective, and convenient medium testing method, by which medium solution is displaced by leaching. Since no costy instruments are needed, it is a suitable method to growers. However, sphagnum moss is used as medium to grow Phalaenopsis in Taiwain and in Japan mostly, which has very different chemical and physical characteristics when compared with other soilless media. Thus, applying PT to Phalaenopsis grown with sphagnum moss is investigated.

In order to make sure if PT can be applied to sphagnum moss, and settnig up standard procedure, this study tested on volume of the water applied, EC of the water applied, and the timeing of leachate collecting. The results demonstrated that volume applied had no significant influence on leachate EC and pH when the volume was between 40 to 90 mL. Applying 60 mL solutions with EC from 0.001 to 0.926 dS•m-1 one hour after fertigation also had no remarkable influence on the leachate EC and pH. Therefore pratically all kinds of water can be used as applied water. Leachate properties were not changed if they were collected 20-160 minutes after fertigation. To sum up, PT is proved to be used in Phalaenopsis grown with sphagnum moss, and the process suggested for a 10.5-cm pot is: One hour after fertigation, slowly apply 60 mL distilled water to the surface of the medium, then collect the leachate for related tests. For a 8.5-cm pot, the suitable volume of water applied is 40 mL.

After setting up a standard procedure for PT applied to Phalaenopsis cultivated with sphagnum moss, determining an optimum range of medium EC and pH was attempted. In order to evaluate the relationship between root quality and medium solution, Phalaenopsis were randomly sampled from 10 nurseries in Taichung, Zhanghua, Chiayi, Tainan, Pintung, and other areas, and the medium EC and pH were tested by PT. Medium EC was ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 dS•m-1, while medium pH 3-5. The effect of medium pH on root quality was not significant, however, root quality decreased with medium EC being increased. Best root quality was obtained with medium EC ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 dS•m-1.

To find out how medium solution affect growth of Phal. Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’, 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg•L-1 N Peters Excel 15-5-15 Cal-Mag fertilizer were applied to 8.5-cm pots and medium solution was monitored by PT. The dry weight of plants treated with 0 mg•L-1 N was significantly lower than that of other treatments, while no difference was detected till the end of the experiment between treatments received different concentrations of fertilizer. However, shoot dry weight increased, but root dry weight decreased, as fertilizer concentration increased. Tissue concentrations of N, P, and K raised following the increasing of fertilizer concentration; concentrations of Ca and Mg showed no difference among treatments. Fertigation higher than 100 mg•L-1 N increased tissue concentrations of N, P, and K, though fresh and dry weight were not affected. Fertilizer concentration at 100 mg•L-1 N seemed to be sufficient for optimum growth of Phalaenopsis, with which medium EC ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 dS•m-1, medium pH ranged from 2.5 to 4.

To summarize, while growing Phalaenopsis with sphagnum moss and testing medium solution by PT, it is recommended to maintain medium EC between 0.6 to 0.9, and pH, 3-5 .

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis ； medium solution ； sphagnum moss

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