判決風格的功能：以大法官解釋為中心

Functions of Judicial Opinion Styles:Interpretations of the Constitutional Court in Taiwan

李韶曼(Shao-Man Lee)

指導教授 ： 張文貞

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02329

摘要

本論文借用法律與文學的理論，探討法院判決作為一種文本形式，是否（及如何）可能透過文字風格來幫助判決達到其預設的功能，尤其將重點放在大法官解釋。論文發現，文字風格在理論上的三種功能：（1）建立文本內容與讀者的關聯、（2）建構作者與讀者間的關係、以及（3）在社會中建構意義，都有助於協助文本達成傳遞訊息、說服與溝通三種預設目的。不過，文字風格的使用也可能受到社會與學科脈絡影響，而作者為追求文本功能而選用文字風格時，亦應該將讀者做為最主要的考量。作者也必須要著重觀察社會脈絡，從中獲得對於文本意義的進一步認識。
然而，這些理論究竟能不能適用於法院判決中呢？本文認為，文字風格不但不妨礙判決功能的落實，更可以引領人民閱讀並理解判決、參與判決的討論、表彰人民在這場對話中的參與，進一步幫助判決發揮功能。本文從這樣的角度檢視法院既有的寫作風格，發現既有的判決風格侷限於權威、強調專業，使得大眾難以理解、難以深入思考判決的內容，反倒無法落實判決的功能。
本文也進一步將文字風格的功能與大法官解釋做結合，發現大法官解釋也有用詞冷僻、段落偏少、篇幅過短、修辭方式侷限的問題。這樣的文字風格也同樣侷限了大法官解釋功能的發揮。大法官釋字第666 號解釋，就是一個明顯的例子。
論文因此主張，大法官必須以多重功能、多重讀者為重心，來選擇適切的風格。而在解釋所涉管制結構複雜、利益糾結，又涉及困難的價值、道德與文化辯證時，法院應採用溝通的模式，與大眾建立信賴關係、坦誠以對，並盡量將議題涉及的層面清楚交代，供大眾一起思考，方才有助於解釋功能的達成。

關鍵字

判決風格 ； 修辭 ； 文字風格的功能 ； 大法官解釋 ； 溝通 ； 說服

並列摘要

This thesis has its perspective from the theoriy of Law and Literature. It explores whether or not a judicial opinion, as a body of text, can have the opinion function as it should, and how it performs. And this thesis has put its emphasis on interpretations made by the Constitutional Court in Taiwan.
This thesis has found that style has three functions theoretically. First, it forms connection between the written and the reader. Second, style develops the relationship of the author and the reader. Last, style creates meanings in society. All of them facilitate text to send messages to the reader, to communicate with the reader and to persuade the reader. However, social context (above all, academic context) has great influence on how style performs. In order to enhance the functions of text, the author should place reader in the first place when selecting appropriate style. Author should also carefully observe the social context, from which one can better understand the social meaning of certain text.
However, can the theory truly apply to judicial opinions? According to this thesis, style can help facilitate text to achieve its three functions as above. Style does not hinder judicial opinions from functioning. Far more than that, it can guide people to read and comprehend judicial opinions, to participate in the discussion of the opinions and it embodies people who take part in the discussion. This thesis observes the decisions made by Taiwanese courts. And it found out that the writing style focuses on authority-building, which makes people impossible to comprehend and think it over. Thus the functions of judicial opinion cannot carry out.
Moreover, this thesis combines the use of style with the interpretations made by the Constitutional Court in Taiwan. It observes the stylistic features of the interpretations, and discovers that the interpretations, too, have the problems of obscure usages, few paragraphs, insufficient lengths and narrowed rhetoric patterns. This kind of style has also limited the functions of the interpretations. The J.Y. Interpretations 666 is an evident instance of this.
Therefore, this thesis argues that Constitutional Court should bear the multiple functions and readers of their interpretations in mind, while selecting the appropriate
style. When the interpretations involve complicated regulatory structures, tangled interests, competing values, morals and cultures, the court should adopt the
communicative style. Communicative style helps to build a relationship based on trust with readers, and requires the court to make clear of all the aspects relating to the issue
for future discussions.

並列關鍵字

styles of judicial opinion ； rhetoric ； functions of style ； J.Y. Interpretations ； communication ； persuasion

參考文獻

最高行政法院99 年判字第25 號判決。

梁志鳴（2004）。《論法院在多元民主社會的溝通機能》，台灣大學國家發展研

司法院大法官解釋釋字第177 號解釋。

司法院大法官解釋釋字第185 號解釋。

司法院大法官解釋釋字第371 號解釋。