發展的人本取向：跨越社群主義與自由主義

本文係對社群主義與說的發展從不同面向來評判，並嘗試建構這些評判的優點。本文大部分所要呈現的是：評判新尼采式與後結構主義對社群主義與說發展的衝擊。對這樣學說的抑制反而將更打開了對其發展的積極性觀點，這可以用來解釋自由主義、特殊性或文化差異性，而且不是所謂的「非人性的客觀」。本文討論係比較視發展為自由主義的自由式觀點與基督教倫理觀點，如同其於天主教社會訓導所代表，據以進入以下哲理議題的理解性，並提供吾人對於兩種哲理批判式評價的制高點。

關鍵字

發展；自由主義；功利主義；社群主義；自由；天主教社會訓導；後結構主義

並列摘要

This thesis analyzes different critiques of the utilitarian philosophy of development and will try to establish the merits of these critiques. The rejection of this philosophy will open up space for a positive view of development that can account for freedom, particularity or cultural difference and which is not a subjection to an “inhuman objectivity”.This discussion compares the liberal view of “development as freedom” and the view of Christian ethics, as it is represented in the Catholic Church’s Social Teaching, in order to get to a understanding of the underlying philosophical issues and to give us a vantage point for a critical appraisal of both philosophies. A part of this thesis presents a critique of a neo-Nietzchean, post-structuralist attack on development.

並列關鍵字

development ； liberalism ； communitarianism ； freedom ； Catholic Social Teaching ； post-structuralism ； utilitarianism

參考文獻

Bernstein, Richard J. (1983). Beyond Objectivism and Relativism Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Beauvoir, Simone de (1996). The Ethics of Ambiguity. New York: Citadel Press.

Casebeer, William (2003). Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral Cognition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Diamond, Jarred (2006). The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal. New York: Harper Perennial.

Escobar, Arturo (1995). Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

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發展的人本取向：跨越社群主義與自由主義

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