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  • 學位論文

誰的「創意」,如何「文化」?-- 解構臺北市政府的都市文化治理(1999-2015)

Whose "Creativities"? How "Culturalized"? --Deconstructing the Cultural Governance of Taipei's Urban/Culture Policies (1999-2015)

指導教授 : 李明璁

摘要


本研究主要在探討文化、美學與創意城市計畫何以被地方政府工具化為都市發展策略。進一步的研究問題便是:台北市都市(再)開發的過程中,為何出現「都市更新文化化」的現象?文化、創意相關論述是如何被捲入都市文化治理、用來協助空間再生產?更重要的是,在主流的「創意城市」的論述下,台北市文化局與都發局各自如何解讀、利用「創意」,以達成的何種的治理目地? 透過歷時性的分析文化政策變遷、解構「創意」相關論述與操作策略,本研究發現,雖然臺北市文化局自認是以扶植創意產業、重塑臺北都市意象和增進象徵經濟為職責,實際上的治理策略卻是相當重視「文創園區」開發、「文創消費」與「創意街區」的行銷。如此一來,政策過度倚靠「文創消費的空間經營」與「街區營造」的結果,導致「文化生產」未受重視,藝術家與文創工作者面鄰租金負擔過高問題,反而削弱臺北市創意街區特色。 另一方面,對臺北市都發局更新處來說,發展諸多「文化化」治理技藝,例如鼓勵文創活動、扶植文創產業、引入「創意城市」論述等,重重看似「撈過界」的行動,目的仍在於利用文創工作者帶動老舊街區的空間改造、洗刷都市更新汙名、激發舊城區的都市再生。因此,許多創意城市相關的治理策略如URS都市再生基地、創意群聚與創意城市倡議,皆有「促成仕紳化」的企圖,被冀望能帶領特定區域的再發展、資本的回流與土地的重新增值。因此本研究認為,不同於文化局重視行銷街區、推銷文創產業的治理策略,更新處的「向文化轉」更為幽微,一方面在於美化城市、更新汰換不合宜的建物,同時替日後大型的「文化帶領的都市再生」作暖身。 雖然臺北市文化局與更新處為了不同的治理目的、接連採用了跨國學習的「創意」、「文化」論述,但以「美學化空間」或具「創意氛圍的街區」為訴求的操作策略本身就附帶了哄抬空間價值、促進中產階級文化消費的作用。如此一來,文化局所追求的象徵行銷與空間營造雖然對扶植文創產業的助益有限,卻也對於都發局所欲求的「仕紳化」有相輔相成之效果,驅動了都市文化與空間的改變。

關鍵字

文化治理 都市再生 創意城市 URS 仕紳化

並列摘要


This thesis deals with the issue of why and how municipal government has to deploy culture, aesthetic projects and creative city agenda as urban policy programmes and strategies. In particular, why do the urban space policies ‘culturalise’ themselves to drive urban (re)development? How are cultural policies and creative concepts linked with urban governance, and how do they contribute to the (re)construction of urban space? More specifically, how are creativity-related notions understood and adopted differently by the Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA) and the Urban Regeneration Office (URO) of Taipei to achieve certain purposes and thereby reshape our urban culture? My research points out that the DCA, whose cultural policy is supposed to foster cultural industries, recreating the city’s image and stimulating the symbolic economy, is overemphasising the promotion of the so-called ‘creative quarter’, encouraging ‘creative consumption’ and developing a ‘creative industrial park’. This transition may arguably result in making artists and creative workers potentially subject to gentrification and consequently reduce creativity in the city. On the other hand, I argue that urban creativity strategies are being developed and implemented by the URO to increase the pace of urban renewal in the inner city and rejuvenate decaying neighbourhoods. Public investments, such as urban regeneration stations, creative industry clusters and creative city agendas, were introduced to fulfill the potential of urban gentrification and were designed to encourage urban redevelopment. In other words, unlike the cultural policy of the DCA, planning authorities set out to replace dilapidated houses and beautify the city by producing culture-led regeneration. By examining the change of cultural policies, and unpacking the myth of creative city narratives and their practices, it can be seen that the imported ‘urban creativity strategies’ were redefined and localised in Taiwan in a very different and exclusive way. The two departments may have adopted creative notions in order to achieve their own goals of governance from different points of view. However, such cultural policies stimulated middle-class-oriented urban cultural consumption, with trendy ‘hipster’ lifestyles, rising residential property values and neighbourhood gentrification, which may also contribute to culture-led regeneration as well as spatial and cultural change.

參考文獻


蕭民岳(2008)。〈跳出「中」心,吃進中「華」:北市官辦大眾節慶的文化政治(1994-2006)〉。台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。賴品瑀(2015年5月26日)。〈蓋綠建築換容獎?都更條例修法 建築學者批「造孽」〉,《環境資訊中心》。取自http://e-info.org.tw/node/107737
王俐容(2006)。〈全球化下的都市文化政策與發展:以高雄市「海洋城市」的建構為例〉,《國家與社會》,1: 125-166。
王志弘(2003b)。〈影像城市與都市意義的文化生產:台北畫刊之分析〉,《城市與設計學報》,13/14: 303-340。
周素卿、吳幸玲、江尚書(2009)。〈後工業化臺北與新自由主義都市政治〉,《中國地理學會會刊》,43: 15-32。
王志弘(2003a)。〈臺北市的文化治理的性質與轉變1976-2002〉,《臺灣社會學研究季刊》,52: 121-177。

被引用紀錄


温建吉(2017)。創意修補/固著的青黃半接:以臺北市寧夏路木材產業為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703787

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