植物工廠內栽培‘桃園1號’草莓之研究

台灣在草莓果實的慣行生產上，會噴灑大量的農藥防治，導致在果實藥劑殘留。植物工廠的概念是在封閉環境中栽培植物隔絕病蟲害。本試驗目的在探討植物工廠內草莓植株花芽及結果的溫度及日長設定，建立草莓果實之生產流程。此外，養液氮濃度對於開花之影響也一併探討。本試驗使用的植物材料為‘桃園1號’ 5片葉之走莖植株，以非循環水耕系統栽培。欲處理之花芽誘導溫度為25/20℃，設定溫度為14℃，栽培層區域中心實際測得的溫度為26/15℃，光周13小時。植株連續五週分批次移入花芽誘導環境，代號分別I、II、III、IV和V，觀察花芽誘導情形。結果顯示3至6週的花芽誘導處理即可在冠莖中心誘導花序形成，但是6至9週才達到100%植株形成花序。花序形成至第一朵花開放需1至3週，第一朵花開放至全部植株開花，需1至5週。V從處理至開始採收需要78.1天，顯著少於I、II、III和IV的103.2、103.6、104.3和102.7天。可採收天數的部分，I和II分別為41.2和40.2天，顯著高於III、IV和V的25.0、20.6和21.0天。每株產果重以I和II的182.3和170.7 g最高，顯著高於III、IV和V的127.0、90.4和129.6 g。10 g以上的果實產量在50.2至88.3 g，以I的88.3 g最高。可銷售果佔總產量的43.6至53.6%，處理間無顯著差異。降低養液氮濃度可以促進花序形成，但是會減少冠莖直徑、葉面積、地上乾鮮重和地下部鮮乾重。

關鍵字

草莓；水耕栽培；植物工廠；花芽誘導；產量；氮肥

並列摘要

In Taiwan, the conventional production of strawberry often accompanies the application of pesticide and fungicides, and which may result in chemical residues on fruits. The central idea of plant factory is to grow plants in a closed controlled environment and keep pests and pathogens away from the system. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the temperature and photoperiod setting for floral induction and fruiting in National Taiwan University Plant Factory. The effect of nitrogen concentration on flowering was also investigated. Five-leaves runner plants of strawberry cv. ‘Taoyuan No. 1’ were grown in non-cyclic hydroponic system. The expected environment for floral induction was 25/20oC with photoperiod of 13 hours of lighting. The computer setting of temperature was 14/14oC, and the actual temperature obtained from the center of each cultivated layer was 26/15oC. Plants were moved into the floral induction environment in continuous 5 weeks, designated as batches I, II, III, IV and V. The result showed that 3 to 6 weeks of floral induction in the environment was sufficient for inflorescence formation in the crown. However, it took 6 to 9 week to reach 100% of inflorescence formation. From the formation of the inflorescence to the blooming of the first flower took 1 to 3 weeks, and all of the plant bloomed took 1 to 5 weeks. From the beginning of treatment to harvest of V took 78.1 days, which was significantly shorter than that of I (103.2 days),II (103.6 days), III (104.3 days) and IV (102.7 days). Harvest duration of I and II were 41.2 days and 40.2 days which was significantly longer than III (25.0 days), IV (20.6 days) and V (21.0 days). The average fruit production per plant of I and II were 182.3 g and 170.7 g which were significantly higher than III (127.0 g), IV (90.4 g) and V (129.6 g). The percentage of the fruit weighing above 10 g per plant was ranging 50.2% and 88.3%, and which of I (88.3%) was significantly higher than the others. The percentage of the marketable fruit was between 43.6% and 53.6%, and which was not significant different between treatments. Decreasing nitrogen concentration in solution favored floral formation; however, the crown diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots was decreased as nitrogen concentration decreased.