農業天然災害救助與農家勞動供給之關聯性-台灣農戶資料之實證分析

Relationship between Agricultural Disaster Relief Payments and Labor Supply of Family Farms: Empirical Analysis Using Taiwanese Farm Household Data

巫凱琳(Karin Wu)

指導教授 ： 張宏浩

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201701849

摘要

在城鄉發展的議題中，政府補貼對於農業家庭福利影響為一重要且廣泛被討論之議題。隨著氣候變遷的加劇，天然災害的發生頻率以及強度持續增加造成人類生存環境及財物受到損害。相較於其他產業，農作物生產更是高度仰賴氣候條件，故農家收入較多不穩定因素，因此政府在維持農家生計上扮演重要的角色。在以往文獻中，大多數天災補助文獻著重於探討補助之分配以及效率與否，探討補助對於農家成員之影響的文獻較為少數。有鑑於此，本文彌補了此部分的缺漏，提供天災補助對於勞動投入的影響以了解現有補助制度如何影響農家成員。
本文利用2009,2011,2012,2013,2014年之台灣地區農家抽樣調查資料加以合併以鄉鎮為單位的天然災害補助資料以探討124,827位農戶之農場內及農場外勞動選擇如何受到天然災害補助的影響，並採用Panel Data Fixed Effect Model作為實證模型。實證結果顯示，天災補助會造成農場內勞動投入的減少，然而，隨著補助金額之增加，農場內勞動投入隨之增加，而農場外工作則隨之減少。同時，在不同農家成員分群中(戶長及配偶、老中青農民)也可以看到面對天災補助不同的勞動選擇反應。最後，本文利用Difference-in-Difference Fixed Effect Mode探討2011年之天災補助調整，結果顯示農場內勞動投入增加，也由此證明了此政策改革是具效率的。
本文在衡量現有的天災補助制度上使用5年期且具全國代表性之農家勞動資料來提供在位者在調整補助制度時之參考依據。經由結果，本文也建議政府在發放天然災害補助時除了作物類別能將更多因素列入考量，以達到增加農民福祉的最終目標。

關鍵字

天然災害補貼 ； 農場內勞動力供給 ； 農場外勞動力供給 ； 農業家庭 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Evaluating the impacts of government policies on the wellbeing of farm households has been one of the longstanding interests in rural development. Considerable research efforts have been put into this topic and empirical evidences have been provided in many countries. Compared with other industries, agricultural production is adversely affected to a greater extent by natural disaster shocks and weather uncertainty. As a result, the government plays an important role in mitigating the effects of crop loss. Most research on disaster relief payments have focused on the allocations and efficiency of these programs; however, little evidence has been found on the impacts of disaster relief payments on individual farm household member.
This study contributes to this interesting topic by addressing the extent to which relief payments for natural disasters affect the allocation of labor supply of farm households between on-farm and off-farm work in Taiwan. A unique nationally representative sample of 124,827 farmers drawn from the Taiwan Area Farming Household Survey in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 was constructed and merged into the town-level administrative profile of all of the recipients of disaster payments from the Natural Disaster Program in Taiwan.
By estimating a panel data fixed effect model, it is evident that natural disaster payments significantly reduce farmers' on-farm work in the extensive margins, but do not affect the off-farm labor supply. Also, the more payments received, the greater the possibility to engage in on-farm work and less possibility to work off-farm. Different labor supply decisions in view of disaster payments can also be found in the subsample for farm household heads and spouses, as well as members in different age groups. This study also evaluates whether recent amendments to Taiwan’s disaster payment programs in 2011 had different impacts on the labor supply of farm households. The results of the Difference-in-Difference (DiD) fixed effect analysis points to an increase in the on-farm labor supply. This paper also contributes to the policy evaluation of the existing program and suggests that policy makers should consider other factors rather than crop type when deciding on the amount of payment to reach the ultimate goal of enhancing well-being.

並列關鍵字

disaster relief payment ； on-farm work ； off-farm work ； farm households ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Sheu, S. J., Lee, H. C., & Yang, M. D. (2016). Analysis of human capital and time allocation of farm households in Taiwan. Taiwanese Agricultural Economic Review, 22(1), 43-98 (In Chinese).

Ahearn, M. C., El-Osta, H., & Dewbre, J. (2006). The impact of coupled and decoupled government subsidies on off-farm labor participation of US farm operators. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 88(2), 393-408.

Alauddin, M., & Sarker, M. A. R. (2014). Climate change and farm-level adaptation decisions and strategies in drought-prone and groundwater-depleted areas of Bangladesh: an empirical investigation. Ecological Economics, 106, 204-213.

Baker, M., & Benjamin, D. (1999). Early retirement provisions and the labor force behavior of older men: Evidence from Canada. Journal of Labor Economics, 17(4), 724-756.

Berlemann, M. (2016). Does hurricane risk affect individual well-being? Empirical evidence on the indirect effects of natural disasters. Ecological Economics, 124, 99-113.