透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.140.198.173
  • 學位論文

台灣農民年齡與農耕戶勞動生產力之關係

The Relationship Between the Age of Farmers and Agricultural Labor Productivity in Taiwan

指導教授 : 陳郁蕙

摘要


人口高齡化是已開發或開發中國家近年來所面臨的問題,在1993年台灣65歲以上人口已超過高齡化門檻,至2007年時高齡人口達總人口10.16%,顯示台灣人口高齡化的情況加深,而其中又以農業部門人口高齡化之情況更為明顯。過去有不少國內外研究認為高齡化可能對農業的生產與經營產生負面的影響,甚至降低農業產值與不利農業發展;然而僅有少數研究能夠以數量方法評估並提供相關科學證明,由於勞力是影響農業部門發展之重要關鍵之一,因此,瞭解現階段農民年齡結構及其對勞動生產力之影響極為重要,有鑑於此本研究之目的在於分析台灣農耕人口的年齡結構;分析年齡對於勞動生產力及經營之影響;並提出相關政策建議。 本研究使用1995及2005年普查資料,並利用迴歸分析方法來檢視年齡結構與勞動生產力之關係。研究結果顯示,高齡化問題對於台灣農耕業部門有逐漸嚴重的趨勢。在2005年,年齡超過65歲以上的農民約占18.61%,較10年前高出7.24%。此外,台灣農耕業之勞動生產力亦具有生命週期效果,高峰落於40-50歲間;男性、東部地區、從事食用菇菌類產業經營或花卉類產業經營及以農耕業為主的兼業農普遍有較高的勞動生產力。在高齡化對勞動生產力之影響方面,研究結果發現經營面積約有38.61%集中於勞動生產力較低的高齡農民,且隨著農民年齡愈長其擁有土地愈多,但勞動生產力卻逐漸降低;具有高勞動生產力的青年農民卻得不到足夠的土地耕作,使得總體生產力無法提升;也是農民年齡高齡化對農耕業造成不利影響之主因。

並列摘要


Recent decades, ageing population became an important issue both in developed and developing countries. The situation of ageing population in Taiwan is getting serious, especially in agricultural sector. Many researchers suggested that ageing farmers could have negative impacts on agricultural production, but few of them could provide promising findings by using quantitative methods. Since labor is one of the key factors affecting the development of agriculture, it is important to realize the age structure of farmers and further analyze its correlation with agricultural labor productivity. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to investigate the age structure of Taiwan’s farmers and to analyze the relationship between farmers’ age and the labor productivity. 1995 and 2005 census data and regression analysis are used to investigate the age structure and its relationship with labor productivity. The results show that the ageing issue for Taiwan’s agricultural sector is more serious than ever. In 2005, more than 18.61 percent of farmers are older than 65 years old, which is 7.24 percent higher than 10 years before. Moreover, the life cycle effect was found in Taiwan’s agricultural labor productivity, and its peak is between 40 and 50 years old. Our findings also suggest that, in general, male farmers, living in eastern part of Taiwan, or growing mushroom / flowers have higher productivities. Besides, Operating areas are owned most by ageing farmers who have low labor productivities, and the older the farmers are, the more lands they have. The young farmers who have high labor productivities can’t get enough lands to cultivate, so that the whole productivity can’t increase. It’s also the main reason that ageing farmers affect negatively on agriculture.

參考文獻


楊書綺,2008。「台灣稻米政策對稻農經營規模之影響」,碩士論文,台灣大學農業經濟研究所。
林灼榮、廖偵旭,1990。「台灣實施農民退休年金制度之初探」,『台灣土地金融季刊』,第27卷第3期,頁213-222。
行政院農委會,2008。96年農業統計年報。台北:行政院農委會。
行政院主計處,1997。中華民國八十四年台閩地區農林漁牧業調查報告。台北:行政院主計處。
行政院主計處,2002。中華民國八十九年台閩地區農林漁牧業普查報告。台北:行政院主計處。

被引用紀錄


黃麗婷(2016)。從政府普查及調查資料看臺灣農地農用現況〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602082
鄭峰明(2016)。影響雲林地區農民改善經營規模意願之因素〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201601117
李昌鴻(2015)。影響台灣農業收入之因素及政策意涵〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00346
廖清祥(2014)。雲林地區農民參與農業結構調整政策之分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.11086
張娟綺(2014)。農民參加農業規模改善政策之意願〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.10420

延伸閱讀