透過您的圖書館登入
IP:54.152.216.170
  • 學位論文

高速鐵路站區的就業縉紳化

Employment Gentrification in High-speed Rail Station Areas

指導教授 : 林楨家
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


縉紳化的概念在Glass於1964年提出以後,經過50多年的發展,其現象已經不僅僅局限在歐洲、北美或大洋洲,而是在全球各地發生。同時在21世紀以來,由於學界對縉紳化現象的研究在參與者角色、階段、空間類型、營建方式、區位等方面發生了轉變,衍生出更為廣泛與多樣的理解。本研究在分別回顧了縉紳化和高鐵站區開發相關文獻後,認為高鐵站區開發與縉紳化存在著一定的關係,特別是在高速鐵路快速發展和高速城鎮化為背景下的中國,其高鐵站區開發對於在地社會經濟重構發揮著巨大的影響。但是在回顧軌道運輸與縉紳化關係的過程中,發現目前高鐵相關的研究領域尚缺乏以縉紳化的視角去審視高鐵站區的開發過程。 本研究選擇較早開通高鐵服務的杭州高鐵站區,杭州站和杭州東站,為實證空間,同時基於杭州東站高鐵站區開發過程中,在地居民的拆遷方案主要以就地安置為解決辦法,有理由猜測站區開發初期對於在地居住人口的影響不大,故將研究對象聚焦在杭州高鐵站區就業人口上,提出就業縉紳化(Employment Gentrification)的概念,並從此概念出發,通過企業職員的教育與收入水準作為評價企業階層的指標,對搜集的杭州市高鐵站區和非高鐵站區的67,367筆企業樣本進行高階/低階的劃分,再運用生存分析方法對比分析高鐵站區和非高鐵站區企業樣本的生存風險,驗證高鐵站區開發和就業縉紳化的關係。 研究結果發現,高鐵站區開發對杭州站(內城)有就業縉紳化的影響,但是對杭州東站(外城)沒有就業縉紳化的影響,高鐵站區的發展程度跟是否發生就業縉紳化有所關聯。本研究補充了軌道運輸與縉紳化關係在高速鐵路建設以及就業人口方面的知識,同時也注意到了內外城高鐵站區建設對就業縉紳化影響的差異,以及軌道運輸對縉紳化影響在就業人口和居住人口方面可能存在的差異;在實務方面,通過實證研究的結果,建議政府和企業在內外城的高鐵建設中,應依照高鐵站區的發展階段,採取不同的政策,降低高鐵站區就業縉紳化帶來的就業與居住的空間匹配問題。

並列摘要


According to the studies over 50 years, the phenomenon of gentrification has not only been found in Europe, North America or Oceania, but also all over the world. Since the beginning of 21st century, gentrification issues have been explored in a broader and more diverse meanings. After reviewing the literatures of gentrification and High-speed rail (HSR) station area development, there are a lot of clues suggesting that a certain relationship between HSR station area development and gentrification exits. Especially under the background of rapid growth of HSR network and urbanization in China, the HSR services should result in a lot of influences on local socioeconomic developments. However, there is still a lack of research on examining the development of HSR station areas from the perspective of gentrification. In this study, the areas surrounding two HSR stations, Hangzhou Station and Hangzhou East Station, which launched HSR services early in China, were selected as the empirical study areas. Because the local residents in Hangzhou East Station area is resettled on-site, the impact of HSR on the local residents would be insignificant. Therefore, this study focused on the employment changes within station areas and proposed the concept of “employment gentrification”. Totally 67,367 records of enterprises in the HSR station areas and the non-HSR station areas were collected as the study sample. According to education and income levels of the staffs, the enterprise observations are discriminated into high/low groups. By applying the survival analysis methods, this study compared the survival risks of high/low group enterprises in HSR station areas and non-HSR station areas to clarify the relationship between HSR developments and employment gentrification. The research results show that the employment gentrification happened in Hangzhou Station area (inner city area); however, there is no evidence supporting the employment gentrification in Hangzhou East Station area (outer city area). Academically, this study supplements the knowledge of the relationship between rail transit developments and gentrification. Meanwhile, this study indicates the possible reasons why inner and outer city areas show different results of employment gentrification and notes the possible different manifestations between employment and residential gentrification induced by rail transit systems. Practically, the empirical results of this research suggest that governments and enterprises should adopt different policies in inner and outer city areas according to the development stages of HSR station areas to reduce the problems of space-mismatching between employment and residence caused by employment gentrification.

參考文獻


參考文獻
Alonso, W. (1960). A theory of the urban land market. Papers in Regional Science, 6(1), 149-157.
Alonso, W. (1964). Location and land use. Toward a general theory of land rent. Economic geography, 42(3), 11-26.
Amano, K., & Nakagawa, D. (1990). Study on urbanization impacts by new stations of High Speed Railway. Paper presented at the Conference of Korean Transportation Association, Dejeon City.
Andersson, D. E., Shyr, O. F., & Fu, J. (2010). Does high-speed rail accessibility influence residential property prices? Hedonic estimates from southern Taiwan. Transport Geography, 18(1), 166-174.

延伸閱讀