產品市場結構與開放程度對性別薪資歧視之影響

The effects of relationship between the structure of product market and opening degree on gender earning discrimination

孫瀛芳(Ying-Fang Sun)

指導教授 ： 辛炳隆

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10443

摘要

全球化是近二十年來國際經濟上一個顯著而重要的現象，全球化的趨勢一方面迫使國內市場開放，進口增加，另一方面導致國內市場趨於自由化，市場集中度也隨之改變。

　　根據Becker(1957)的性別歧視理論，產品市場為完全競爭時，廠商因無超額利潤，也就比較沒有能力實行歧視。因此，當全球化透過進口增加與市場自由化而增加國內企業之市場競爭壓力時，性別薪資歧視程度也可能隨之下降。本文欲探討隨著全球化使廠商市場競爭程度增加後，性別薪資歧視是否有縮小的趨勢。研究發現產品市場的開放程度，有助於縮小性別薪資歧視，但象徵來自國內市場競爭的市場集中度檢定結果並不顯著，亦即國內市場的競爭程度對性別薪資歧視沒有影響。

關鍵字

性別歧視 ； 市場結構 ； 全球化 ； 隨機效果模型 ； 進口競爭

並列摘要

Globalization is a noticeable and momentous phenomenon upon the international　economy within the recent twenty years. The trend of globalization, on the one hand, enforces the domestic market to be open and increases the importation, and on the other hand, leads to the liberalization of domestic market, which changes the market concentration ratio. According to Becker’s discrimination theory), when the product market is open to be fully competitive, the employers are less able to discriminate practically, for they have no excess profits. Thus, the level of gender earning discrimination may be decreased while the domestic market competition is enhanced by globalization through importation increase and market liberalization.

The study tends to discuss if the gender wage discrimination has abated since globalization reinforced the competition of good market. The research discovers that the opening degree of the product market helps to diminish the gender earning discrimination. However, the market concentration ratio, which represents the competition of domestic market has no influence on gender earning discrimination.

並列關鍵字

sex discrimination ； market structure ； globalization ； random effect model ； import competition

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