如何促進成人執行控制功能─不同訓練方式與個體特質對短期靜坐訓練成效的影響

Who Can Benefit More From Mindfulness Training? The Effects of Trait Mindfulness and Different Training Programs on Improving Adults’ Executive Functions

鄧善娟(Shan-Chuan Teng)

指導教授 ： 連韻文

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.02857

摘要

覺照（mindfulness）狀態通常被定義為自覺且將注意力放在當下內在與外在的經驗上，覺照訓練包括任何強調這種狀態的訓練技巧。目前在許多研究中，發現覺照訓練有助於增進多種注意力控制的能力，但是由於過去研究使用的訓練方法各異，也未考慮到參與者先天的覺照傾向，使得在不同的研究中所得之訓練效果仍然相當不穩定。本研究的目的在於，探討不同的覺照訓練方法在增進執行控制功能成效上的差異，並且以個別差異的角度出發，探討個體本身在進入覺照狀態傾向上的差異如何調節其接受覺照訓練的成效，以期能更進一步釐清過去訓練成效不一致的原因。本研究將參與者分為訓練組（包含禪宗靜坐組、中心軸組）及控制組，兩種訓練組接受為期一個月的覺照訓練，三組參與者在訓練期前後均接受三種執行控制功能（工作記憶、抑制、注意力轉移）的測量作為依變項，以探討覺照訓練對注意力增進之成效。結果發現，經過訓練後，中心軸組和禪宗靜坐組分別在工作記憶廣度、注意力轉移上有顯著進步，而相較於前測覺照傾向高者，傾向低者在後測覺照傾向以及注意力轉移功能的進步上均有較好的表現。

關鍵字

覺照訓練 ； 靜坐 ； 個別差異 ； 執行控制功能

並列摘要

Mindfulness refers to a mind state that focusing on current moment. Studies have shown that mindfulness training techniques enhance attentional control abilities. However, the mindfulness training effects on improving attentional control showed by the past studies were very inconsistent. In order to clarify such inconsistency, in the present study, I attempted to use two mindfulness training programs to investigate how different training programs influence the effects of mindfulness training. In addition, I also adopted an individual-difference approach to investigate that how the trait mindfulness moderates the effects of mindfulness training. The present study used a pretest-posttest control group design. There were one control group and two training groups trained separately with Chan meditation program and Central-axis meditation program for a month. Three executive function tasks (working memory, inhibition, switching) were tested before and after the training period for all participants. The results revealed that after mindfulness training, compared to control group, the Chan meditation group showed significant improvement on switching cost, while the Central-axis group showed greater improvement on working memory span. In addition, the present study also showed that individuals with lower levels of pretreatment trait mindfulness would benefit more from mindfulness training. They performed more improvement on the trait mindfulness as well as on the switching cost than those with higher levels of pretreatment trait mindfulness.

並列關鍵字

mindfulness training ； meditation ； individual difference ； executive functions

參考文獻

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