中國大陸行政處罰法發展之研究

中國大陸於一九九六年通過《行政處罰法》，是大陸法制邁向依法而治的一個重要里程，在整個中國法制發展的時間脈絡下，《行政處罰法》是大陸一九九三年憲法確立市場經濟後、宣示依法而治的整個立法計劃產物。本文研究中國大陸《行政處罰法》，目的並非做單純的法條釋義、也非做缺陷分析，因為相關文獻已不少，不須再整理重述；本文是透過觀察中國大陸國家發展的情形，在其特殊的政治、經濟、社會背景下，《行政處罰法》是如何的產生及實施，透過法律研究途徑及社會法學研究途徑加以詮釋以洞悉其關連性，並了解權力經由法律運作時國家角色的轉變。本論文包括三個部分：緒論、本論、結論。第一部分為緒論，旨在「提出問題」：包含研究動機、研究目的、研究問題、文獻評論、研究途徑、方法、及本論文重點說明。第二部分為本論，旨在「分析問題」：首先了解中國大陸《行政處罰法》立法前的法制狀況，主要是幫助理解國家發展情況對法規範可能產生的影響；接著討論中國大陸《行政處罰法》的體系及其基本內容、包含幾項重要的行政處罰制度，主要是對法體系及法規範做清楚的認識；最後了解中國《行政處罰法》的特色，包含繼受外國法及中國特有的模式、行政處罰實施後的監督情形，主要是藉此理解法規制度受國家發展的影響其所呈現出來的特色。第三部分為結論，旨在「解決問題」：包含主要研究發現、及未來的發展趨勢。整體而言大陸《行政處罰法》雖然有些許不完備之處，但應該可以肯定此乃中國政府為建構完備行政法體系，實現依法行政，行政革新，保障人民權益所為的進步立法。一九九六年實施至今，配合著政府、人民法學素質觀念的進步，《行政處罰法》已經得到相當的成果了，主要是透過司法監督的觀察，可以看到《行政處罰法》落實的情況，這也代表中國政府在依法而治上已經取得一定的進展。

關鍵字

行政處罰法；行政罰法；國家發展；中國特色；司法監督

並列摘要

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) enacted the Administrative Sanction Law (ASL) in 1996, which is a significant milestone for the PRC’s legal regime in moving towards rule by law. The ASL is a product of the entire legislative plan following the amendment of the PRC’s Constitution in 1993 which established the market economy and declared rule by law. The purpose of this study is neither to discuss how to interpret the legal texts of the ASL, nor to provide an analysis of its defects, because there has been voluminous literature on these topics. Instead, I observe the national development of the PRC and how the ASL was created and implemented against the PRC’s special political, economic and social backgrounds. I take the approaches of legal study and sociological jurisprudence to interpret the phenomena to grasp the correlation between them and to understand the role change of state when state power operates through the legal system. This thesis is divided into three parts. Part I is the introduction, the purpose of which is to pose the questions. In Part I, I state motivations, purposes, approaches and methods of this study and define questions of this study. I also conduct a literature review on this topic and highlight the core issues and arguments of this thesis. Part II is the main body, the purpose of which is to analyze the questions. In Part II, I explore the legal environment before the ASL was enacted in order to understand the implications for legal rules that national development carries. Following that, I discuss the structure and basics of the ASL, inter alia, a few important types of administrative sanctions so as to have a clear understanding of the legal rules and the whole system of the ASL. Attempting to grasp the features of a legal system that is influenced by national development, I conclude Part II by identifying the characteristics of PRC’s ASL, which includes the reception of foreign laws, the unique Chinese legal mode, and the reality of supervision on administrative sanctions after the implementation of the ASL. Part III is the conclusion, the purpose of which is to solve the questions. In Part III, I explain findings of this study and point out pathways and prospects of future studies. On the whole, there are still inadequacies in the PRC’s ASL, but in spite of that, I consider the ASL a progressive piece of legislation on which the PRC government relies to construct a complete system of administrative law, to realize administration by law, to achieve administrative reforms, and to protect people’s rights and interests. Since its implementation in 1996, the ASL has made some accomplishments that can be seen in the arena of judicial supervision, which also represents that the PRC has made some progress in the direction of rule by law.

並列關鍵字

Administrative Sanction Law of the PRC ； Administrative Penalty Act of Taiwan ； National development ； Chinese characteristics ； Judicial supervision

參考文獻

1、余珊蓉，〈行政罰法基本問題之研究〉，《國立台灣大學國家發

民代表大會第四次會議通過〉，《中華人民共和國國務院公

16、張嘉尹，〈論價值秩序作為憲法學的基本概念〉，《台大法學論叢》，第30

10、洪家殷，〈行政罰法之介紹〉，《律師雜誌》，第303期，2004年12月，頁14-23。

23、國務院，〈國務院關于貫徹實施中華人民共和國行政處罰法的通知〉，《中華人民共和國國務院公報》，第12期，1996年。

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中國大陸行政處罰法發展之研究

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