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  • 學位論文

團結、分化、分裂—台汽工會的晚期抗爭

Solidarity, Differentiation, and Split-Up: the Late Struggles of Taiwan Motor Transport Company (TMT) Union

指導教授 : 藍佩嘉

摘要


台灣汽車客運股份有限公司產業工會(簡稱台汽工會),是台灣自主工會運動的代表性工會之一,對於台灣的反民營化運動以及推動自主工運的發展,有相當的貢獻。 然而,在2001年7月1日,台灣汽車客運股份有限公司(簡稱台汽公司)的主管機關—交通部和台汽公司首創以「員工集資方案」做為民營化的方式,台汽公司近二分之一的員工每人集資三十萬,成立私營的「國光客運公司」,也因此終結了從公路局時代開始直到台汽公司超過半世紀的公營客運公司業務,對於台灣大眾運輸業的發展造成相當大的傷害,台汽公司被「順利」民營化更是具有重要的指標性意義,它象徵著14年的台汽工會走入歷史,也象徵著台灣的反私有化(民營化)運動受到相當程度的挫折。 本論文的目的,即是要探討為什麼台汽工會沒有辦法阻擋台汽公司的民營化進程,有哪些內部因素限制或阻擋台汽勞動者集體激進性的產生,最終影響到工會反民營化行動的成敗。 本論文分別從三個方向切入解釋,這三種因素並不是各自獨立的,彼此之間互有關連與影響:第一為台汽的勞動體制—不同的工種(駕駛員、技工、站務人員等)、薪資與獎金制度、退休條件與勞動過程等;其次為國公營事業工人的道德經濟—台汽工人與國家之間的家父長式的依附與期待關係;第三則是工會的派系化、「政治化」與官僚化的問題。種種這些因素導致工會內部最終呈現分裂的局面,不同工種之間因為薪資獎金制度的差異,使得台汽的最主要工種—駕駛員大多選擇的並不是抗拒民營化,而是優惠資退,而抗爭的主力則是技工;其次台汽工人的道德經濟一方面激發員工抗爭的能量,但是另一方面也限縮了抗爭的訴求和強度;最後,工會的派系分裂可說是導致工會最終抗爭失敗的直接原因,部分工會幹部參與集資方案,結果帶動不少會員跟著加入,是工會力量未能集中的重要原因,不過仍需探討過去工會長期累積的問題如何導致派系分裂的出現。

並列摘要


TMT (Taiwan Motor Transport Company) Union is quite significant in Taiwan independent trade union movement. It has contributed a lot to the development of independent labor movement and anti-privatization movement. However, on July 1st, 2001, Taiwan Motor Transport Company was privatized through “Employee Share Ownership Plan, (ESOP)” which was firstly introduced by the Ministry of Transport and TMT Company in Taiwan. Almost half of TMT workers invested three hundred thousand NT dollars each and established a private company, “Kuo-Kuang Motor Transport Company, ” which ended the only national public highway bus service for more than half a century, and it has also hurt the development of public transportation in Taiwan. The “successful” privatization of TMT Company shows great significance: it symbolizes the end of 14-year-old TMT Union, and also symbolizes the defeat of anti-privatization movement in Taiwan. The aim of this thesis is to explore why TMT Union failed to stop the process of privatization, what internal causes limit or stop the development of activism and militancy among TMT workers, and finally influences the result of the union’s actions against privatization. Three main causes are demonstrated here: firstly, the labor regime of TMT, including the differences between labor groups(drivers, technicians, or staffs), wage and bonus systems, retirement and labor process; the second is the moral economy of state enterprises’ employees, which is the paternalist attachment and expectation between the TMT workers and the state; lastly are the problems of union factionalization, bureaucratization, and politicization. All these result in the split-up inside the union: the majority of TMT workers—drivers—are bribed by the management because of different wage and bonus systems among different workers; therefore most of the drivers choose not to fight against the privatization, and those who fight until the last moment mostly are the technicians. On the one side, the moral economy of TMT workers stimulates the radicalism of workers, but on the other side also limits the scope and strength of the protests. Finally the union splitting up into two sides is the direct cause of the failure, and the three problems inside the union are also the causes of the split-up.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


林佳瑋(2015)。從抗爭意識到集體行動:全國關廠工人連線的抗爭經驗(2012.6-2014.3)〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02070
潘欣榮(2007)。公賣局私有化過程中的產業遺產保存 -台北建國啤酒廠工人的工作權保存經驗〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01353

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