番木瓜種子發芽之影響因子

Factors Influence on Germination of Carica papaya Seeds

顏綵葭(Chai-Hsia Gan)

指導教授 ： 張龍生

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.02840

摘要

針對番木瓜（Carica papaya）種子發芽不整齊及發芽率低的問題，以｀台農二號＇番木瓜種子為材料，檢測種子內生因子如：種皮、種子水分吸收、種子大小比重、果實成熟度及發芽環境如：溫度、光照處理對種子發芽之影響。實驗結果顯示番木瓜種子內種皮及外種皮之存在顯著影響種子之萌芽及發芽速率，剝除內外種皮（僅含胚乳含胚）之發芽實驗發現此處理之種子有高比例的不正常膨大及胚根突出但不伸長之現象，推測番木瓜種子之內種皮可能與種子的保護機制或發芽機制有關係。番木瓜種子萌芽取決於胚及胚乳的水分吸收。內外種皮裂開之種子胚含胚乳水分含量比內外種皮沒裂開之種子水分含量差別不大，胚僅需達到少量的水分即足以萌發，顯示番木瓜種子水分之吸收受到胚乳之限制多於受到種皮之限制，進而推論種皮影響番木瓜種子胚根萌發之作用在於機械障礙而不是水分的限制。果實成熟度對種子發芽具有顯著影響，果實成熟度越高，發芽率及發芽速率越高，植株著果15週之種子已達種子最大成熟度。種子大小對發芽影響不顯著；但種子比重則顯著影響發芽率。在12小時光照環境下高溫35℃恆溫下發芽種子發芽率極低，變溫處理則可促進種子發芽。恆溫35、30及25℃與變溫35/30、35/25、35/20、30/25及30/20℃（8h/16h）之發芽率比較顯示變溫處理比恆溫處理發芽要佳。從原本恆溫處理移溫到變溫處理可顯著促進發芽。連續照光24小時會抑制發芽，在30℃恆溫下光照8小時或12小時與黑暗處理沒有顯著差異。複因子試驗比較4種溫度處理（室外、模擬夏天田間溫度變動、變溫及恆溫）、有無12小時光照與有無GA3 400mg/L浸潤3小時預措處理，溫度、光照與GA3處理之交感作用對番木瓜種子發芽沒有顯著影響，溫度主效應對發芽有顯著影響。

關鍵字

發芽 ； 番木瓜 ； 種皮 ； 種子大小 ； 種子比重 ； 果實成熟度 ； 變溫 ； 光照

並列摘要

A few seed germination internal factors such as influence of testa and tegmen, moisture content after imbibitions, maturation of fruits and seed size and weight and external environment such as influences of alternating temperature and light were investigate to sought for problem of papaya germination. The testa and tegmen presented markedly delay in germination as a physical resistance to radicle emergence. Tegmen might play a role in seed protection and germination because removal tegmen might cause abnormal seed. Moisture content of dried intact seeds and seedcoat(including testa and tegmen) increase linearly after imbibitions, and reach a plateau in short time. While moisture content of endosperm include embryo were lower but shown water absorption 3 phase. So, the moisture content of endosperm include embryo was the critical point to papaya germination and endosperm play a role in blocking water absorption. Fruit maturation was significant effect in papaya seed germination and germination rate. Seed size of papaya might not significantly effect on germination, while the heavier seed weight were showed better germination. Papaya germinated at alternating temperature 35/25℃ and 35/20℃(12h/12h) were higher than constant 35℃in 12 h photoperiod. Compared the germination of papaya at constant temperature 35℃, 30℃ and 25℃ and alternating temperatures of 35/30℃, 35/25℃, 35/20℃, 30/25℃ and 30/20℃ in darkness, alternating temperature regimes provided higher germination than constant temperatures. Germination percentage at constant temperatures 35℃ and 25℃ was able to increase progressively after transferring to alternating temperature. Continuous 24h light treatment inhibited papaya germination. Germination percentage was not significant difference between darkness or photoperiod 8h and 12h at 30℃ constant temperature. A factorial experiment of temperature regimes (outdoor temperature, fluctuating temperature, alternating temperature and constant temperature); light treatments (with 12 hours light or darkness) and GA3 treatments (with or without pretreated GA3 400mg/L 3 hours). The interaction between temperature, light and gibberellins treatment did not show significant effect on papaya germination, but the temperature had the significant effect on papaya germination.

並列關鍵字

germination ； Carica papaya L. ； testa ； tegmen ； moisture content ； seed size ； seed weight ； fruit maturation ； .alternating temperature ； light

參考文獻

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