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  • 學位論文

胡適的「娘什麼」:一位被忽視的中國新文明孕育者

Much Ado About Mother- A Neglected Incubator of the Chinese Renaissance Man, Dr. Shih Hu

指導教授 : 古偉瀛

摘要


本文主旨在重塑胡適母親馮順弟的形象。 許多人聯想胡適母親的第一句話是中學課文的「娘什麼」,但翻開其《四十自述》,卻赫然發現馮順弟女士竟是這本胡適「自傳」的首篇主角。筆者認為,馮順弟是影響胡適一生的重要人物,然而她卻一直只是胡適研究中的配角。因此唯有重塑馮順弟的形象,方能說明這段寡母孤子的故事,也才有可能、開啟探討近代中國像馮順弟這種未受過正式教育的母親的研究大門。 在馮順弟本身未留下任何記載可供研究的情況下,本文主要借助下述史料:她與兒子胡適的通信內容(她的部分,多半由她口述、族人胡近仁代筆)、胡適的日記和關於母親的記載、家族親友的回憶錄和信件、及胡適對婦女議題的相關論述。同時,透過筆者在論文中提出的「母親秩序」意涵串起這些史料,讓她所面臨的問題和其應對方式具有時代特徵。 第二章從她的婚姻始末講起,藉由探討她的夫家、娘家,推論開啟她秩序觀的淵源。第三章起討論她是如何維持其「母親秩序」,第三章主要重心放在她與繼子女、繼媳婦的關係,以及她與娘家的聯繫。第四、五章則放在她與唯一親生兒子胡適間的關係。胡適是她秩序觀的重要根基,但受了正式教育、甚至出國留學的兒子,在價值觀上與她漸行漸遠。這兩章將分析她是如何維持這段母子關係,並讓兒子成為她秩序觀的繼承者。同時筆者也析述兒子對她的回應。 第六章以馮順弟的死亡作為其母親秩序的結束。惟其同時也是個開始,本章將以胡適在母親去世後所發表的相關婦女論述為主進行對話,並於此章末尾指出未來研究方向。 胡適的「娘什麼」雖然是一句輕薄話,其背後卻蘊藏了如此豐富的母親故事。而在近代中國,默默無聞的那群母親,較諸胡適的母親,是更有可能遭到忽略的。探索她們、重現晚清時代背景將是接下來的課題,因其每一位都可能是曾被忽視的新文明孕育者。

關鍵字

晚清 民國 母親 胡適

並列摘要


This is not only a story of Dr. Shih Hu (胡適) and his mother, but also a motherhood study in Modern China. Hardly anyone would doubt Dr. Shih Hu’s contribution to the development of the Renaissance China. However, few people realize that his almost illiterate and widowed mother, Shun-Di Feng (馮順弟), is the most important person to make who he is. If we want to do research about Shih Hu, we need to unveil his mother’s life story first. To reproduce the mother-son relationship is the goal of this thesis because Shun-Di Feng has been neglected by Hu’s researchers for decades. In the following chapters, I will show why the situation for a widowed mother was difficult at that time. The tricky part is, the widow identity empowered her to manage the Hu’s family and her originated one. Besides, the hardship also enhanced her kinship with her son. She insisted to give Shih Hu the best education, which is different to her value in various aspects. Constant conflicts are inevitable, but in the end we found that the Columbia University Ph.D. inherited her tradition value. I try to rethink the motherhood concept in Modern China and embodied it as the noun “Mu Qin Zhi Xu” (「母親秩序」). It illustrates how a mother manages her family and the social network to form and maintain her “Motherhood.” In Hu’s story and in many contemporaries’ stories, “fortunately” having a son is the foundation of doing it. Through this path, we can find that there is much to do about mother!

並列關鍵字

Modern China motherhood uterine family widow

參考文獻


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