文化對組織對偶角色認同之影響探討

The Study of Cultural Influences on Dyadic Role Identification in Organizations

林清富(Ching-Fuh Lin)

指導教授 ： 鄭伯壎

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.03124

摘要

越來越多的研究顯示，西方心理學的理論不能解釋東方人的心理與行為模式，因為文化是重要的影響因素。最近數十年來華人經濟圈的崛起受到不少關注，認為儒家文化是其深層原因。因此，有學者依據儒家文化提出家長式領導理論，以解釋華人企業成功的文化因素，但此論點卻少與西方心理學直接對話，這形成東西方各自有其理論，但只探討各自社會的心理與行為模式，無法直接比較，因此本論文嘗試將華人的儒家與美國的基督教做平行對照，將兩者放在相同位階進行比較，期望能看出雙方在深層文化結構的異同將可能產生的影響。華人儒家五倫特別重視上下從屬關係，此對偶角色定位固定明確。相較之下，美國基督教的五倫對於人際關係上較有彈性。因此，我們提出固定對偶角色定位與彈性對偶角色定位的觀點來對照比較雙方差異。我們據此理論設計問卷，進行實徵資料之調查，驗證了美國的對偶角色定位較具彈性。並進一步發現，在家庭中，童年角色認同和成年角色認同有大的關聯。而美國之童年角色認同和職場對偶角色認同也有高的關聯，但台灣卻沒有顯著關聯。因此台灣的家庭和職場間的角色認同似乎斷裂，而美國的彈性對偶角色反而讓家庭與職場的角色扮演成為連續性經驗，此差異也可由文化結構解釋。

關鍵字

儒家五倫 ； 基督教五倫 ； 固定對偶角色定位 ； 彈性對偶角色定位

並列摘要

Increasing studies show that western psychological theories cannot well explain the psychology and behaviors of oriental people because culture is a strong influential factor. In recent years, the economic prosperity of Chinese societies has attracted the attention of many scholars. Many attribute their economic success to Confucianism. As a result, based on Confucian cardinal relations, some scholars propose paternalistic leadership that can well explain the success of Chinese entrepreneurs. However, such theory is purely based on Chinese culture, making almost no dialogue with western theories. It turns out that the western and oriental sides both have its own theories to separately explain the psychology and behaviors of each society, but they cannot be compared closely. Therefore, in this thesis, the Confucian cardinal relation and the Christian cardinal relation are placed in equal and parallel positions for close comparisons of their similarities and differences in order to reveal their possible impacts on the dyadic role identification of people in organizations.
In Confucian cardinal relations, leader-subordinate relations are particularly emphasized, so the dyadic role identification is fixed. In contrast, in Christian cardinal relations, people are more likely to adapt dual or multiple roles toward the same person and so have flexible dyadic role identification. Therefore, we propose that Christian cardinal relations give rise to more flexible dyadic role identification than the Confucian cardinal relations. Based on this theory, we design questionnaires to investigate the differences of dyadic role identification between the US and Taiwan. Here the US is used to represent Christianity, while Taiwan represents Confucianism. The comparison between 204 US respondents and 189 Taiwan respondents shows that the US indeed has more flexible dyadic role identification than Taiwan. The further analysis of correlation shows that the childhood dyadic role identification is positively and significantly related to the adult dyadic role identification for both societies. Also, in the US part, the childhood dyadic role identification is positively and significantly related to the dyadic role identification in the workplace. In comparison, the Taiwan part shows that the childhood dyadic role identification is not well related to the dyadic role identification in the workplace. Thus this study reveals that the role experiences of Taiwan people between the family and the workplace are disconnected, while the flexible dyadic role identification gives US people continuous role experiences from the family to the workplace. This discrepancy can also be explained by the cultural cardinal relations in the two societies.

並列關鍵字

Christian cardinal relation ； Confucian cardinal relation ； fixed dyadic role identification ； flexible dyadic role identificationore

參考文獻

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