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  • 學位論文

空權的理論與實踐:以日本航空自衛隊為例

Theory and Practice of Airpower: Case Study of Japan Air Self Defense Force

指導教授 : 陳文政

摘要


空權理論在第一次世界大戰後開始蓬勃發展,早期空權理論家的主張在第二次世界大戰中獲得實踐,印證了空權的效用,戰後的空權理論更加發展。本研究以空權理論來探討日本航空自衛隊建軍與準則之特色,並試圖從中理出影響航空自衛隊建軍的因素。 日本在二次大戰結束後,採行和平主義政策,在軍事上對自身施加極大限制。受到美蘇冷戰局勢影響,美國允許日本恢復有限的軍備,從地面與海上兵力開始重建,到1954年成立了具有陸上、海上、航空三個軍種的自衛隊。設立獨立的航空自衛隊是戰後日本國防政策上的一大轉變。 航空自衛隊根據日本政府的國防政策文書設定之任務目標與部隊規模建軍,建軍之重點、各種任務之優先順位隨各個時期需求調整。僅管自從成立以來有很長一段時間沒有名為準則的官方權威文書存在,仍有許多教範文書與非正式資料構成航空自衛隊的準則體系。 受到憲法與專守防衛軍事戰略的限制,空自建軍極度重視防空,較不注重攻擊地面或水上目標,如此作為與空權理論論點明顯不符。儘管外界對空自準則知悉有限,從已知部份論,構成空自準則體系的文書之論述,也因為政治上的限制而與純粹的空權理論相當不符。 國際局勢與潮流變化、美日同盟關係、日本自身自衛需求都對空自建軍產生不同程度壓力。日本自身自衛需求持續造成最大影響,美日同盟、國際局勢與潮流變化的影響則自空自成立以來隨時間推移而增加。

並列摘要


Theories of Airpower had been developed actively after the World War I and were practiced during the World War II when their validities were largely proved. This thesis will use the theory of Airpower to examine the characters of Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF)’s force building and it doctrine. After the WWII, Japan adopted pacifism and was excessively self-restraint on military issues. As the consequence of the Cold War structure, the U.S. allowed Japan’s limited rearmament. Japan started to rebuild its armed forces, which became the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self Defense Force in 1954. The establishment of an independent JASDF is a significant departure in defense policy from the practice in the past. The JASDF built up its force according to the missions and force size set by the defense guidance document of Japanese government. The emphases and the priorities of JASDF’s missions varied in different period of time. Although experienced a long time of wanting an authoritative official document with title of doctrine, the JASDF still has a doctrinal system which is comprised of numbers of manuals and non-official materials. Being restrained by the Constitution and exclusively defense-oriented military strategy, the JASDF put a great emphasis on air defense missions, missions against ground and surface targets were relatively neglected. This practice obviously does not match the theories of Airpower. The doctrine of JASDF is largely unknown from outside. However, the known parts of it do not coincide with the theories of Airpower. The trend of international system, U.S.-Japan Alliance, and Japan defense needs drove various degree of pressure to the force building of JASDF. Japan unique defense needs remain the most significant one even the importance of other factors rise with time.

參考文獻


1. 陳紹輝,《空權對戰爭形態之衝擊與改變》,(淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所,碩士論文,2009)。
1. Carl H. Builder, The Icarus Syndrome: The Role of Air Power Theory in the Evoltuion and Fate of the U.S. Air Force,(New Brunswick: Transaction publishers, 2003)
2. David Mets, The Air Campaign John Warden and Classic Airpower Theoriests (Honululu: University Press of the Pacific, 2003)
6. David R. Mets and Willam P. Head, eds., Plotting a True Course: Refelections on USAF Strategic Attack Theory and Doctrine: the post-World War II Experience (Westport: Preaeger Publishers, 2003)
14. 柴山太著,《日本再軍備への道》,(京都:ミネルヴァ書房,2010)。

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