台灣對美遊說工作對國家安全的影響

近來社會輿論正對於台灣對美國6108億軍購案吵得沸騰，贊成者認為台灣應該加強自身軍事設備，才能抵禦來自於中國強大的軍事威脅；反對者認為台灣只是將大把的預算投注在對國家安全不見得立即見效的龐大軍購預算，等同於是對美國繳交保護費，或認為這是台灣對美國過度依賴的結構下的一種不正常現象。在過度強調外在因素對國家安全的保障的同時，則有必要來檢視台灣與美國的實質關係，或所謂美台「準軍事同盟」是否是台灣國家安全不變的基石？另一個問題是，充實國防軍備，固然是國家安全保障的重要環節，然而，在面對未來國家發展的重要時刻，「經濟」或「民生」重要？「國家安全」、「軍備」重要？孰重孰輕的辯論中，是否只能落得這樣被迫無奈的選擇？傳統國際關係對於安全的研究途徑有「現實主義」者主張「競爭性安全」(competitive security)、自由主義者主張的「合作性安全」(cooperative security)、「社群性安全」(community security)等途徑。建構主義從另一個觀察的角度來審視國際關係研究的各項要素。建構主義主要的概念有三個：一是「知識」、二是「結構」、三是「文化」。這三個概念都不是國際關係研究內涵的創新要素，但是建構主義的觀察賦予她們不同的內涵。檢視當前台灣的國家環境與條件，外有中國堅持以自己主張的「一個中國」原則來脅迫台灣與其進行統一，進而在國際間處處打壓壓縮台灣的外交環境，內則對於國家的認同有分歧化的趨勢，對於加強武備或強化經濟發展的路線亦有不同的見解。故此，我們試圖以「建構主義」的觀點，並以「台灣對美遊說」為例，以建構主義主要理念─能動者、結構、安全文化來探討詮釋台灣當前的安全環境、自我身分的認知、表現對美的遊說工作與外在安全結構之間如何相互建構。

關鍵字

遊說；遊說者；國家安全；美國外交政策；建構主義；國家認同

並列摘要

Recently the public opinion is quarrel regarding to Taiwan ‘s government‘s 6,108 hundred million arms sales with American, the supporter thought Taiwan should strengthen it’s own military installations, that it can resist to the military threat from china ; the oppositer thought Taiwan ‘s great military budget not necessarily helpful immediately to the national security, equates thereupon pays the rotection money to US, or thought Taiwan is under one kind of freak structure which excessively relies on US. While excessively emphasizes the external factor to national security, then has we the necessity to inspect Taiwan and US's substantive relations, or so-called US and Taiwan "accurate military alliance" whether is the Taiwan national security invariable cornerstone? Another question is, substantial national defense armament, is an important safeguard of the national security, however, will be facing future of Taiwan’s national development, how should we see the issue --"the economy" or "the livelihood of the people" will be important? The traditional international relations regarding the safe research has "the realism" approach , the liberalism ‘s approach. From the Constructivism’s approach to examine each factor of the international relational research , we will conclude 3 main concept: One is "the knowledge", two is "the structure", three is "the culture". These three concepts all are not innovation essential factors in the international relation research, but Constructivism entrust them with different connotation. Inspect current Taiwan’s condition of national security environment, outside the island, with China ‘s insistence to advocate "one China" policy to threat Taiwan to unification, and hits the pressure to compress Taiwan’s diplomatic space, inside the island, there is an tendency of disagreement with national identity, the debate of development of economy or reinforce our arms force. Therefore, we attempt to explain it with the Constructivism’s viewpoint, and take “Taiwan ‘s lobbying to U.S” as the example, to discuss Taiwan ‘s national security strategy in current security environment.

並列關鍵字

lobby ； lobbyist ； national security ； american foreign policy ； constructivism ； national identity

參考文獻

22. E.E.Schattschieider, The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America, Hinsdale, Ill.:Dryder Press, 1975

27. Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971

石之瑜，〈起手無回大丈夫─迷失在依附者能動性的美中戰略棋盤〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，第4卷，第2期，2003年4月

28. 盧建榮，《分裂的國族認同1975-1997》台北：麥田出版股份有限公司，民國88年。

29. Robert L. Lineberry, Government in America:People, Politics, and Policy, Boston:Little, Brown and Company, 1986

國際替代計量

台灣對美遊說工作對國家安全的影響

全文下載

主題瀏覽