後現代的求生之道─「後活屍」電影之研究

活屍，一種在各流行文化當中都會出現的鬼物，諸如電玩遊戲、音樂、小說、電視影集…等等，而在所有的媒體當中，「電影」更是活屍出沒的大本營。 1932年，出現了第一部活屍電影《白殭屍》(White Zombie)，而後，在1968年，堪稱現代活屍之父的羅米洛(George A. Romero)導演的《活死人之夜》(Night of the Living Dead)則開啟了「現代活屍」的概念。至今，活屍電影已經成功走上主流商業市場，上百部的活屍電影中，演繹著不同的世界觀以及活屍形象。活屍電影一直以來都是一個錯縱複雜的大家庭，因為從來沒有能給活屍一個標準的定義，所以導演或者是電影產製者可以在這個地方大玩自己的創意。以近年的商業活屍電影來講，「末日災難」類型的活屍電影成為了主流，從《28天毀滅倒數》(28 Days Later)首開先河之後，多部商業活屍大片所敘述的皆是這種描述末日災難毀滅地球(或一個國家)之後，活屍遍布的世界觀；但是在這類嚴肅的描述人類如何在末日後的世界奮力求生存的活屍電影當中，卻有幾部電影大反其道，以輕鬆，甚至是無所謂的態度來面對末日後的世界，甚至還可以跟活屍大談戀愛，這些電影便是本研究所定義的，具有後現代風格的「後活屍」電影。本研究以《活人甡吃》(Shaun of the Dead)、《屍樂園》(Zombieland)以及《殭屍哪有這麼帥》(Warn Bodies)作為分析對象，這幾部活屍電影所呈現出來的風格與一般嚴肅取向的活屍電影大不相同，其以諷刺和惡搞的方式來訴說一套完全不一樣的末日後世界求生法則，而本研究企圖以後現代主義理論來解釋這種風格。本研究之所以會認為後活屍電影有其研究價值，乃在於其雖身為反抗類型，卻依舊在市場上獲得了不少成功，鋒頭甚至蓋過了嚴肅取向的一般活屍電影，這種現象是有趣且值得研究的。「後活屍電影」讓我們看見了非常不一樣的末日後世界，而這類活屍電影或許還無法成為活屍類型電影中的一支派系，但其出現與後續發展，是無法令人輕忽的。

關鍵字

後現代；活屍電影；末日災難

並列摘要

In nowadays, we can see “Zombies” appear in almost every mass pop culture media, such as video games, music, TV series… etc, among these, “Movie” has biggest quantity which is talking about zombie. From 1932, the first zombie movie, White Zombie come on stage, till 1968, Night of Living Dead which was the first and classic work of George A. Romero, who known as the father of modern zombies. And now, zombie movies has already become one of the important type in commercial movie market. Hundreds of zombie movies shows lots of different worldview and image of zombies. For a long time, zombie movies is a big family that very complicated and confused, cause no one ever gave “Zombie” a standard definition, so every director and film maker could use their imagination into this type of movie and with almost-no-limited. Take commercial zombie movie in recent year as example, we could say Post- Apocalyptic Type is the main stream. Since 28 Days Later advocated first, lots of great works of commercial zombie movie were all about Post-Apocalyptic World. But beyond these “seriously atmosphere” zombie movies, some has created their own and very different way, characters in these movies has very different attitude toward the end of the world from general zombie movies, it even could fall in love with a zombie. And these movies, which are the object of this research, “Postmodern Zombie Movies” which could found Postmodern style inside it. This research take Shaun of the Dead, Zombieland and Warm Bodies as example, they show very different style with general ones, they even makes fun of them, and stand their own rules in zombie world, this research try to use Postmodern theory to explain this kind of phenomenon and changes. And the reason makes Postmodern Zombie Movie worth to research is that although they were subgenre in zombie movies, but they still get success in commercial market and win lots of attention in all of the zombie movies. And maybe we still couldn’t say that this kind of movie are one of the factions in zombie movies, but its development definitely need to pay attention.

並列關鍵字

Postmodern ； zombie movies ； zombie films ； Post-Apocalyptic

參考文獻

鍾鴻銘(2007)。《P. Slattery的後現代末日論課程理論》。收錄於《教育研究集刊》第五十三輯第一期 P. 21-54。

鍾岳明(2009)。《後現代電影的政治性－論庫斯杜力卡的《爸爸出差時》、《流浪者之歌》和《地下社會》》。國立成功大學碩士論文。

王維憶(2010)。《諷刺仿作風格應用在「全球暖化」海報設計的創作與研究》。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文。

Gary D. Rhodes；foreword by George E. Turner(1972). WHITE ZOMBIE: anatomy of a horror film. Jefferson, N.C：McFarland.

Box Office Mojo：http://www.boxofficemojo.com/

國際替代計量

後現代的求生之道─「後活屍」電影之研究

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