臺灣建築本土論述發展之研究（1970 -1990）

On the Discoureses of Nativist Architecture in Taiwan (1970-1990)

李孟浩(Meng-Hao Lee)

指導教授 ： 王俊雄

淡江大學/工學院/建築學系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00418

摘要

本文以何謂臺灣本土建築為出發，探究何謂本土？何謂本土論建築？並藉由資料彙整與訪查，試圖整理出臺灣建築本土論述與發展之歷程。研究中發現發現1970年代以前的臺灣建築發展與1970年代間文學界的鄉土文學論戰，對於臺灣本土建築的思考，具有決定性之影響。筆者試圖藉由理論與作品分析，藉由創作者自我的陳述其作品之精神意識與筆者實地觀察後，約略將臺灣建築本土論分為四個派別：

1.中國意識下的臺灣建築本土論：此一派別為以林衡道、王鎮華、李祖原等人為首的建築本土論，而其主要精神為堅持中國民族主義立場。此派別的作品可為大安國宅、東王漢宮、淡水捷運線車站設計等作品。

2.臺灣建築傳統復興的本土論：此一派別為以李乾朗、林會承、漢寶德（初期）等人為首的建築本土論，而其主要精神為堅持主張臺灣建築之自名性。此派別的作品可為彰化縣立文化中心、澎湖觀音亭青年活動中心、中央研究院民族研究所等作品。

3.回歸社會現實的本土論：此一派別為以夏鑄九、郭肇立、孫全文、吳增榮等人為首的建築本土論，其主要精神為藉由基於對於現代主義的深刻瞭解，反映真實生活的需求。此派別的作品可為楊梅江宅、林為寬紀念圖書館等作品。

4.大眾與民粹主義-大乘的建築觀：此一派別為可說為漢寶德所創的建築本土論，其主要精神為以對大眾生活與情感的關懷為出發，希冀成就大眾喜好之本土建築。此派別的作品可為墾丁青年活動中心、台中縣東勢鎮綜合大樓等。

藉由整體綜觀探究臺灣建築本土發展的意念與掙扎，到後來如何過渡至現今的地方情懷，這樣的分析除有助於我們以後對於建築觀念上的釐清外，也可藉由重新回顧與研究臺灣本土論建築，見出我們新一代對於本土論建築的看法。除希冀可做為臺灣建築歷史的一小部分資料整理外，另外也期盼能夠對於未來在發展臺灣建築的主體論述提供助益。

關鍵詞：本土論、台灣本土論、臺灣建築論述發展、臺灣建築

關鍵字

本土論 ； 台灣本土論 ； 臺灣建築論述發展 ； 臺灣建築

並列摘要

This paper aims to define Nativism and Nativist Architecture. This paper is conducted through data analysis, interviews, and site visits so as to understand the development of Taiwan Nativist Architecture. This paper found that both Architecture development and Native Literature Debate in Taiwan before 1970’s have great influence upon the Nativist Architecture in Taiwan. According to how architects think of their work and close-up investigation, the Nativist Architecture in Taiwan can be divided into four schools:

1. Taiwan’s Nativist Architecture under the ideology of China: This school is mainly led by Lin Heng-Dao, Wang Jhen-Hua and Li Zu-Yuan and adheres to the nationalism of the Republic of China. Its works includes Da-An Public Housing, Dong-Wang Chinese Palace, the MRT station of Tamsui Line and so forth.

2. Taiwan’s Nativist Architecture under Taiwan tradition: This school is mainly led by Li Chian-Lang, Lin Huei-Cheng, Han Bao-De(early days) and insists on the significance of Taiwan Architecture. Its works includes Changhua County Culture Center, PenghuYouth Activity Center, Academia Sinica Institute of Ethnology and so on.

3. Taiwan’s Nativist Architecture that returns to the modern society: This school is mainly led by Hsia Jhu-Jiou, Guo Jhao-Li, Sun Chuan-Wen and Wu Zen-Jong; its main spirit is to reflect the demand of real life on the basis of modernism. The works of this school includes Yangmei Chiang House, Toufen Municipal Library, etc

4. Mahayana Nativist Architecture: This school is mainly led by Han Bao-De, They insist on the concerns for daily life and emotion and aims to build popular native architecture. Its works includes Kengting Youth Activity Center and Tungshih Township Complex Building.

When we learn how Taiwan Architecture develops and struggles to become what it is, it can help us better understand architecture concepts and establish our own viewpoints about Nativist Architecture. Via a minor portion of information about the history of Taiwan’s Architecture, this paper aims to provide better reference to its future development.

並列關鍵字

Nativism ； Taiwanese Nativism ； the Development of Taiwanese Architecture Discourse ； Taiwanese Architecture

參考文獻

2004 《築夢者-漢寶德的建築》台北，田園。

Benedict Richard O’gorman Anderson

Charles Jencks

Ernest Gellner

Jan Wampler