大眾運輸優先下之高速公路壅塞區段整合交通控制策略之研究

A Study on Integrated Traffic Control Strategies for Prioritizing Public Transport on Congested Freeway Segments

譚偉倫(WYE LUN THUM)

指導教授 ： 羅孝賢 博士

淡江大學/商管學院/運輸管理學系運輸科學碩士班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00501

摘要

高速公路因需求高於供給產生交通壅塞，使得營運能力降低與造成環境污染。因此將設置各種管制方法，以便提高高速公路營運能力，其中大眾運輸優先專用車道可優先讓大眾運輸通過壅塞路段，讓壅塞路段之運量提高，且讓受到壅塞所產生的延滯懲罰之大眾運輸得到更佳的行駛效率，節省旅行時間，並藉此吸引用路人從小汽車轉移搭乘大眾運輸。但在高速公路瓶頸區域上，大眾運輸需從專用車道匯入至一般車道上，當壅塞時段車輛將佔據瓶頸區域，所以並無法讓大眾運輸優先匯入瓶頸區域上，導致大眾運輸產生延滯，進而需設置主線儀控，以便有效控制一般車道上之車輛，並讓大眾運輸優先進行瓶頸區域，讓大眾運輸專用車道發揮最大之效果。雖各種高速公路管制策略將有效提高高速公路之營運能力，但各管制策略可能並無法發揮最佳之效果，亦可能造成反效果，所以應透過整合控制各管制方法，以便達到最適之效果，降低高速公路壅塞之可能。
本研究以最適控制理論所發展之METANET巨觀交通流模式建立一非線性與最適化的大眾運輸優先整合交通控制策略，目標為全路段總旅行時間最小化與設置一路段小汽車與大客車平均旅行時間差，以作為大眾運輸優先車道搭配主線儀控與匝道儀控之控制邏輯，進而管制車道小汽車與加強大客車之通行能力及降低其旅行時間。最後以國道五號北上路段作為模式驗證之例子，並使用PTV VISSIM作為驗證之模擬平台。經過模擬後，發現本模型所設定的路段小汽車與大客車平均旅行時間差可以有效的描述於模擬模式上。在經過模擬後，在動態儀控下，本模式除了於大客車低流率之狀態誤差較高，可良好反映實際狀況；然而務實操作是以固定儀控操作，在固定儀控下，本模式除了在高流率與低期望小汽車與大客車平均旅行時間差之誤差較小以外，與模式結果產生較大的誤差。此方法可使用於大眾運輸專用車道上亦可使用於高乘載專用車道之管制上。

關鍵字

大眾運輸優先 ； 整合交通控制策略 ； 主線儀控 ； 最適控制理論 ； METANET ； PTV VISSIM

並列摘要

When it comes to highways, demand vastly exceeds supply, a fact which leads to congestion, reduces the operating capacity of highways, and creates added pollution. To counteract these problems and boost the operating capacity of highways, various traffic control methods are being slated for implementation. One option is the use of public transport priority lanes that prioritize public transport vehicles passing through congested road segments, thereby increasing traffic flow on crowded road sections and enhancing travel efficiency for buses delayed due to high congestion. In turn, this leads to a reduction in travel time and encourages motorists to switch to public transport. However, when encountering a highway bottleneck, where buses must merge from priority to regular lanes and the regular lanes are already occupied, priority merging breaks down, which again leads to delays in public transport. Mainline metering is thus required to more effectively regulate the flow of traffic and to optimize the use of public transport priority lanes by granting buses priority status when entering a highway bottleneck. Although any single strategy for regulating traffic could effectively increase the operating capacity of a highway, when used separately these methods are unable to achieve an optimal effect, and may in fact have the opposite outcome. That is why an integrated approach is necessary, one that draws on a variety of control methods to obtain an optimal effect and lower the likelihood of congestion.

Applying the METANET macro traffic flow method, as espoused in optimal control theory, this study formed an integrated control strategy that is non-linear and optimized for public transport vehicles. Its objective was to minimize the travel time required for all road sections and to generate a difference in average travel time between regular cars and buses (including coaches) on a specified segment of road. The study applied a control logic consisting of several methods, including public transport priority lanes, mainline metering, and ramp metering, as a way to regulate car movement and prioritize the progress of buses in an attempt to lower travel time for the latter. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, National Freeway 5 was selected as a case study and the simulation platform PTV VISSIM was utilized.

The study found that the simulation model was able to effectively illustrate the difference in travel time between cars and buses on the allotted road segment. When applying traffic responsive metering, apart from a larger deviation in the measure of buses in low traffic flow, the model was able to accurately reflect real-life traffic conditions. When fixed time metering was applied, on the other hand, aside from a smaller deviation in the measure of high traffic flow and low parameter average travel time difference between cars and buses, the model produced a larger deviation overall. The study shows that this integrated approach can indeed be applied to assist in the regulation of public transport priority lanes and high occupancy vehicle lanes.

並列關鍵字

Prioritizing Public Transportation ； Integrated Traffic Control Strategies ； Mainline Metering ； Optimal Control Theory ； METANET ； PTV VISSIM

參考文獻

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