山鹿素行『孫子諺義』的研究

本論文以日本江戶初期學者山鹿素行的著作『孫子諺義』為研究對象，透過當時的時代背景及兵學時代意義的轉變進行考察，旨在探討山鹿素行的『孫子』觀及中國兵書『孫子』在和平的江戶時代盛行的原因。中國和日本兵學的起源皆可反溯至兵書『孫子』。觀察日本的兵學史，可發現和『孫子』有關的注解、研究等在江戶時期十分盛行，然而，日本的江戶時代和中國(明、清)不同，是約二百數十年的和平時期。兵書『孫子』在江戶時期盛行的主要原因為幕府將軍德川家康將其作為其直屬武士(旗本)的軍學教材，廣為出版，致使當代學者爭相註釋、研究，以致日本兵學在江戶時期自成體系。兵學原為戰爭時期重要的實戰之學，進入江戶時代後，以居安思危、文武兼備的思想為本，逐漸成為武士修練的學問。日本江戶時代各種學派、學者輩出。以『孫子』研究見長者，本論文首先提出林羅山、小幡景憲、北条氏長、山鹿素行、香西成資、長沼澹斎、荻生徂徠、新井白石、松宮観山、徳田邕興、佐久間象山、吉田松陰、恩田仰岳等十三位學者的『孫子』觀，並聚焦於山鹿素行。山鹿素行為日本江戶初期著名的儒學者及兵學者，他在武士道論、復古儒學、日本主義等有其先知卓見，尤其他對『孫子』的注解更獲得極高的評價。山鹿素行的『孫子諺義』是他在晚年的著作，該書條理明確地解釋『孫子』的兵學思想意涵，並科學性分析『孫子』的理論構造，不僅廣為江戶時代學者們所研讀，至今在日本的『孫子』研究中仍具有高度參考價值。

關鍵字

山鹿素行；『孫子諺義』；『孫子』；江戶時代；文武兩道；文武兼備

並列摘要

In this thesis uses Edo scholar Yamaga soko "Son Shi en gi" as the object of research. Through the background of Edo and the changing of Japan’s art of war to inspect the object. To explore Yamaga soko’s concept of "Son Shi" and the Chinese art of war "Son Shi" in the cause of peace in the Edo period prevalence. Origin of China and Japan’s art of war are learning from "Son Shi". To observe the history of Japan’s art of war, can be found the research about "Son Shi" is very popular in the Edo Period. However, Japan's Edo period is different from China (Ming and Qing) , it’s about 260 years of peace. The art of war "Son Shi" in the Edo period was mainly due to the prevalence of the shogun Tokugawa uses it as a military school textbook. Widely published, resulting in contemporary scholars competing notes, research, to let the art of war of Japan self-contained in the Edo period. War of Military Science was originally an important science of combat. After entering the Edo period, gradually become self-cultivation samurai’s heart of learning. Edo period in Japan, various schools, academics giving birth. Yamaga soko whose famous as the scholar of Confucianism and military science in Japan. He had his prophet insight on the Bushido, retro Confucianism, Japan doctrine, etc. Especially his "Son Shi" more comments received high evaluation, known as the comprehender of "Son Shi". Yamaga sokon "Son Shi en gi" is in the later years of his writings. The book clearly explains, "Son Shi" of meaning, structure, and construct scientific theory of "Son Shi". "Son Shi en gi" is still highly valuable in the study of "Son Shi" until now.