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  • 學位論文

高階經理人異動之決定因素及其對績效之影響

The Determinants of Managements’ Turnover and Its Impact on Firm Performance

指導教授 : 陳明園
共同指導教授 : 洪小文(Hsaio-Wen Hung)

摘要


隨著時代的進步,各產業的競爭愈趨激烈,加上世界一家、全球化的趨勢下,企業朝向多角化與擴大規模的經營,因此,提高企業經營專業化的需求,逐漸演變成企業經營權與所有權分離的特性。經營之決策由經理人決定,董事會與股東則扮演監督之角色。 績效為衡量公司價值的指標(Fama, 1980),所以過去對於經理人更換的研究中,大部分以探討公司績效或其他變數與經理人更換(CEO turnover)可能性之間的影響關係。過去公司績效對於經理人更換機率的相關討論,Weisbach (1988)和 Murphy and Zimmerman (1993),發現經理人更換與盈餘變動呈負相關;Kaplan(1994)也提出無論以日本公司或美國公司為研究對象,經理人更換與公司績效間皆呈負向關係。經理人異動之決定因素包含股權結構、董事會結構及經理人個人特質等,其對經理人異動有顯著之影響。而後,我們探討經理人異動過後,董事會所期望看到的績效正向變化是否顯著,不少文獻認為更換經理人後,下一期之企業績效將顯著獲得改善,但也有相反的觀點認為企業績效當每況愈下,本文亦好奇這樣的觀點是否可信,期望透過我們模型找出有說服力的實證結果。 本文採用綜合資料(panel data) 的處理效果模型(treatment effects model),將考慮更換經理人行為的前因後果,用一個較有系統的計量模型,將兩者連結,並考慮每家企業為異質的,將其個別企業特質同時納入模型中,期望透過不同的計量分析方法,一窺經理人更換與企業績效變化之全貌。 本文得到的幾個實證結果如下:1.前期企業績效與經理人更換有負向顯著的關連,當前期績效不佳時,董事會很可能做出更換經理人之決策。2.家族成員任職董事時,在董事會做更換經理人決策時的獨立性受到挑戰,實證結果發現,家族成員任職董事與經理人更換有顯著的負向關係,即使企業績效不佳時,家族成員任職董事與異動經理人之負向關係會愈趨強大。3.董事會的規模也深深影響經理人的更換決策,本文發現董事會規模與經理人異動有顯著的負相關,也就是說當董事會規模較小時,經理人可能較容易被更換。4.經理人異動後,企業績效不會立即改善,但隨著時間經過,無論會計績效或市場績效都會有些許好轉的現象。

並列摘要


An issue, which has recently assumed importance, is the studying of the effectiveness of corporate governance from the point of managements’ turnover. Published paper has shown that the likelihood of top executive turnover is negatively related to firm performance in an effective corporate governance situation. This paper researches the effectiveness of internal corporate governance and external corporate governance in relation to top executive turnover in Taiwan stock-listed firms. First we test top executive in relation to the firm’s performance. Furthermore, we examine the impact of the interaction of management ownership, external corporate governance and firm performance on top executive turnover. Finally, this paper tests the improvement in firm performance subsequent to top executive turnover. We find that the turnover of top executive is significantly higher in poorly performed corporations. As the board composition has top executive’s family member, the negative relationship between corporation performance and top executive turnover increase. Besides, we discover that board size and top executive turnover have significantly negative relation. However, after the top executive leaves, the market performance and the accounting performance won’t improve immediately.

參考文獻


李佳玲、葉穎蓉與何晉滄,2005,「績效、公司治理與高階管理者離職關係之實證研究」,中山管理評論,第十三卷第一期:頁75-106。
Abe, Yukiko. (1997) “Chief Executive Turnover and Firm Performance in Japan,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 11, 2-26.
Allgood, S. & Farrell, K. A. (2000) “The Effect of CEO Tenure on the Relation between Firm Performance and Turnover,” The Journal of Financial Research, 23, 373-390.
Bhagat, S., D. C. Carey and C. M. Elson (1999) “Director Ownership, Corporate Performance, and Management Turnover,” The Business Lawyer, 54, 885-919.
Brunello, G., C. Graziano, and B. M. Parigi (2003) “CEO Turnover in Insider-Dominated Boards: The Italian Case,” Journal of Bank and Finance, 27, 1027-1051.

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