樓中樓集合住宅自然通風改善策略之研究 ─以台灣台北都會地區為例

本論文對台北都會地區樓中樓集合住宅，從立面開口、平面空間格局、剖面型態的變動影響，來分析建築物室內空間之氣流環境。研究方法應用CFD電腦數值模擬解析技術，以台灣地區普遍型態之樓中樓集合住宅為模型，外部基地條件以台北都會地區為假設，再分別以「出風口數」、「挑空立面開窗大小」、「平面空間格局」、「剖面型態」，作為模擬變因，分析各變因對室內氣流環境之影響，提出其誘導式通風改善模式。以下為各章節內容之摘要：第一章說明研究動機、研究目的、研究範圍、研究架構流程與研究方法第二章針對台灣地區樓中樓住宅之演化過程、分類類型、法規定義、及法規影響、樓中樓空間特性做一歸納整理，並以自然通風觀點分析其樓中樓住宅類型，以確立研究模擬對象。第三章收集國外住宅誘導式設計案例，分析其優缺點，並針對台灣氣候環境歸納出可應用之手法，及其不適合之手法，並分析研究模擬對象現有室內氣流環境問題。第四章探討CFD電腦數值模擬解析技術之發展與操作應用，分為三部份：(一)計算流體力學之理論基礎(二) CFD電腦數值解析方法之發展與應用(三)CFD軟體環境操作與參數設定意義。第五章建構樓中樓住宅自然通風模擬架構，包括：模擬模型之幾本尺寸、評估位置與標準，並就所要探討之變因蒐集相關文獻與研究變因做一對照。第六章以第五章所建構之基本模擬模型，經電腦模擬解析運算之後的結果進行分析比較，共分為九個部分：(一)變出風口數量(二)變上層挑空立面開窗位置(三)變空間格局(四)變挑空部立面開窗位置、大小(五)進風口縮小(六)出風口加大(七)通風路徑之控制(八)機械力之加入(九)基地風向之改變第七章本章所得之結論與建議：(一)在非貫流通風，通風路徑需成L型之狀態下，廚房工作陽台門之開啟有助於席成通風路徑(二)開放式廚房、活動隔間的多目的室、增加第二可循環開口有助於氣流環境改善(三)隨著上部挑空立面開窗面積增加會減低下層空間風速但可改善上層空間之氣流環境(四)縮小進風口面積無法提升室內風速且不利於通風路徑之形成(五)隨著出風口面積加大，死域範圍也隨著減少(六)改變開窗位置可有效拉長通風路徑(七)當基地風向改變使進風口與出風口位置互換時，不利於室內氣流環境，建議建築師在進行建築配置時，將挑空部立面置於盛行風方向。

關鍵字

樓中樓集合住宅；誘導式通風設計； CFD模擬

並列摘要

This thesis analyzes the airflow environment at the interior space of a typical cross maisonette. The study range includes outside openings, interior partitions and the section type. The methodology of this reach is Computational Fluid Dynamics. The standard of choosing the simulation cross maisonette model is based on the floor space which is the main stream at estate business and the common type. The simulation variables include the type of window openings, the type of partitions and the type of sections. Through analyzing the effects on interior airflow by these variables, the passive ventilation strategy of the cross maisonette can be proposed. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. The contents are summarized into following items: Chap. 1 The motivation, purpose, scope and methodology of this thesis are clarified in this chapter. Chap. 2 The description about evolutionary changes, patterns, building laws, characteristics of cross maisonette in Taiwan are generalized. The purpose of analyzing cross maisonette types by the ventilation point is used to decide the stimulation model. Chap. 3:Collected the foreign cases that are buildings designed by passive ventilation are used to generalize the designs which are suitable for the Taiwan climate. Chap. 4The statement of the development history and operational application of Computational Fluid Dynamics includes following items:1.theory basis of fluid mechanics calculation 2. the development and application of Computational Fluid Dynamics 3. the meaning of arguments and the operating system of CFD software Chap. 5The framework of the CFD model is established. The items include the dimension, the estimate standard of airflow and the positions of observation point. Chap. 6The effects of the simulation variables on air movement indoors are analyzed and compared as follows.1. inlet amounts 2. window openings position of the double high living space 3. interior partitions 4. the position and size of window openings 5. the decrease of inlet size 6. the increase of outlet size 7. the control of ventilation paths 8. the effect of an exhaust fan in air movement indoors 9. the change of prevailing winds Chap.7 Conclusions which are induced from this thesis are as follows. 1. Opening the door of a balcony at kitchen is help to form L-shape ventilation path. 2. A open plan design of kitchen, a multi-use room with folding screens and the second circulation space which is the combination of a stair hole and a double high entry enhance air movement indoors. 3. The more size window openings of a double high living space increase, the less speed a lower floor gets. However, increasing window openings of a double high living space enhance the air movement of higher floor. 4. Decreasing inlets size cannot exceed indoor wind speed and it is harmful to form ventilation path. 5. The more size inlets increase, the less areas the space without air movement have. 6. Adjusting a wind opening position is effective in extending ventilation paths. 7. When the wind direction is change, that also effects the position of inlets and outlets, it is harmful to the quality of air movement indoors. According to this conclusion, the window openings of double high living space must be located in the direction of prevailing winds.