霧社紀念碑空間解構之研究

A Study of the Spatial Deconstruction of the Wushe Memorial

曹金龍(King-Long Tsao)

指導教授 ： 鄭晃二

淡江大學/工學院/建築學系碩士班/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2006.00946

摘要

本文所關注的是從「空間觀點」來探討國家所建構之「紀念空間」，對原鄉部落、原住民族所造成之「意識形態」影響，透過霧社紀念碑空間與歷史過程事件始末、園區之設立、祭拜行為、文化意義、政治目的等之分析，並試圖探討如何去打破國家長期以來在原鄉部落所建構之「國家神話」。
由日本殖民完全「統治」原鄉部落至國民政府掌權後，政權掌握者不斷以「國家意識」去虛構、建構相關神話、歷史，企圖以此手段操弄國族的認同意識。例如早期「沙鴦之鐘」、「吳鳳銅像」等都是以原民族為其事件背景。
然而，「空間議題」論述在原住民族社會中是相對的不足。從1988年的「還我土地運動」，到2002年的「反對成立馬告國家公園」都是典型的以「空間議題」為主來向政府抗爭的行動。而研究者此次則是縮小範圍的來探討「紀念空間」對原住民族、部落所產生的社會與文化的影響。
研究方法主要是以蒐集相關文獻資料、田野調查為主，以及對現況環境的觀察方式來進行。從事先的文獻閱讀、問卷調查的設計、田野訪談時的問題發問等，其中以問卷設計為主來引導章節議題的探討為關鍵點。
本論文獲致以下結論：「紀念空間」是國家透過「意識形態」操作的產物，它是事件的結果，也是開始。研究者在本篇論文研究中，將部落發生的議題探討過後，探究出「紀念空間」為影響部落、族群最透徹之「國家意識」作用媒介，以目前來說意識形態的改造是持續的在進行。那問題應該如何解決？研究者以下提出可能解決的方向或方法：
一、霧社紀念碑的重新定義及詮釋、重新賦予新的意識形態。
二、紀念空間退出政治、權力鬥爭舞台、遺忘紀念空間。
三、部落文化元素重新主導紀念空間。
在研究的過程證實，因紀念空間建立影響的不僅只是部落居民對於傳統、也加深族群彼此間的隙縫，再者，紀念空間往往也涉及有關權力、利益、政治等因素，來使霧社紀念碑變相成為有心者操弄的媒介。
關鍵詞：紀念空間;意識形態;國家神話

關鍵字

紀念空間 ； 意識形態 ； 國家神話

並列摘要

The objectives of this study are, from the spatial perspective, to examine the influences of the memorial space constructed by the state on the ideology of the indigenous tribes and peoples through an in-depth analysis of the spatial and historical events, establishment of the Park, worship and sacrificial rites, cultural significance and political purposes of the Wushe Memorial, and to explore how to destroy the “national myth” long constructed in the indigenous tribes by the state.
From the Japanese colonial domination to the national government, the government in power had always been fabricating and constructing myths and histories through “national identity” in an attempt to manipulate the nation’s identity consciousness. For example, the Sayon’s Bell and Wu Fong Statue were built to commemorate indigenous incidents in the history.
However, there are not many studies on the “spatial issues” concerning indigenous peoples and society. The “Return Aboriginal Land to Aborigines” movement in 1988 and “Opposing the Establishment of Makao National Park” in 2002 are typical collective actions on “spatial issues” against the government. This study focuses on the social and cultural influences of “memorial space” on indigenous peoples and tribes.
This study employs a literature review and field investigation as well as the author’s observation of the current situation and environment.
The following are the findings of this study:
“Memorial space” is an outcome of the state’s manipulation of “ideology”. It is the result as well as the beginning of an incident. Based on our investigation on tribal issues, this study suggests that “memorial space” is the most influential media of “national identity” which has been continuously affecting indigenous tribes and peoples. In terms of resolving the problem of ideology influences, below are some possible directions and actions proposed by this study:

I.To redefine and reinterpret the Wushe Memorial and to
endow it with a new ideology.
II.To withdraw the memorial space from the stage of
political and power battles and leave it behind.
III.To restore the dominance of tribal cultural elements
in memorial space.
The results of this study show that memorial space not only affects tribal traditions, but reinforces the discontinuity between different peoples. Moreover, memorial space usually involves power, interests, politics and other factors that would make the Wushe Memorial the media of ill-intended manipulation.

並列關鍵字

Memorial ； Space ； Ideology ； National Myth

參考文獻

2001 〈台灣原住民族運動的回顧與展望〉

2001 〈台灣原住民族運動的回顧與展望〉下載自

Kumu Tapas（姑目·答芭絲）

布興．大立（高萬金）

1987 《認同的污名-台灣原住民的族群變遷》台北：自立晚報。