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  • 學位論文

台灣製造業投資中國大陸與東協六國之區位分析

The Location Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment for Taiwanese Manufacturers in China and Six ASEAN Countries

指導教授 : 郭建中

摘要


在經濟全球化與區域經濟整合的趨勢之下,跨國貿易與投資障礙大幅降低,國際貿易及對外投資迅速成長,促使生產與市場的全球化,也讓全球市場的競爭更形劇烈,為了降低跨國貿易障礙並增加競爭優勢,企業進行全球佈局早已成為趨勢。近年積極進行經濟整合的東亞地區,以東協加一(中國大陸)最受關注,而台灣以出口貿易為主,與中國大陸的關係一向極為密切,東南亞則是中國大陸改革開放前,台商投資海外的主要地區。 面對中國大陸的外資政策改變,東亞區域經濟整合,與全球經濟不景氣造成的投資環境轉變,本研究選擇台灣對外投資的主要產業─製造業做為研究對象,研究目的首先在於瞭解台商對外直接投資的區位選擇因素,並配合目前中國大陸及東協六國的區位優勢,進一步分析製造業對外投資現況,探討台灣製造業是否善用各國的區位優勢,充份利用各國間的經貿協定及外資投資優惠,在中國大陸與東南亞進行最有效益的分工和佈局以維持競爭優勢。主要研究結論如下: 一、台商投資中國大陸與東協六國的主要考量是生產成本,包含低廉的勞工及土地,而近年台商在考量對外投資區位時,當地市場的發展潛力已逐漸與生產成本並駕齊驅。 二、目前新加坡提供最完善的經商環境及基礎建設,稅負也最低,中國大陸具有龐大的市場規模,越南則是勞力成本唯一能與中國大陸競爭的國家。而中國大陸及東協六國為促使產業升級,皆給予技術及資本密集的產業租稅減免等投資優惠,越南則是唯一鼓勵勞力密集產業投資的國家。 三、對外投資的台灣製造業已從中小型勞力密集產業,轉為中大型資本與技術密集產業,主要投資地區則從中國大陸的珠三角移至長三角,長三角擁有完善的基礎設施、運輸網路,及充沛的技術人力,成為高科技台商投資的首選。面對中國大陸外資政策調整造成投資環境變化,以內需導向為主的台商開始往內陸移動,以外銷導向為主的台商則往其他具生產優勢的國家移動,越南因經營成本尚屬低廉,成為台商因應東亞區域整合,提前進行全球佈局的焦點。

並列摘要


In the economic globalization and the trend of regional economic integration, the cross-border trade and investment barriers reduce substantially. The international trade and the rapid growth of foreign investment promote the globalization of production and markets; also, global markets become even more intense competition. In order to reduce cross-border trade barriers and increase competitive advantage, a global investment pattern has been implemented by TEs which become a new trend. In recent years, there are economic integrations actively in East Asia. ASEAN plus one (China) attracted the greatest attention. Taiwan's economy is export-oriented, and the relationship with China has always been extremely close. Southeast Asia is the main area where TEs invest in overseas before China reforms and opens up. Facing China's foreign policy changes, the East Asian regional economic integration, and the global economic downturn caused investment environment change, the study focus on Taiwan manufacture industry which is the mainly industry invest overseas. The first purpose of this study is to understand the external business direct investment location choice factors. Second, this study analyzes the location advantages between China and six ASEAN countries. Third, this study explore whether TEs make full use of economic and trade agreements among countries, in order to finds out TEs effective division of labor and layout to maintain their competitive advantage between China and the six ASEAN countries. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.Taiwanese investing in China and ASEAN countries concerned the cost of production first, including low-cost labor and land; in recent years, they consider the potential development of the local market along with the cost of production. 2.Singapore is the most sophisticated business environment and infrastructure as well as the lowest tax burdens currently. China has huge market size, and Vietnam has cheapest labor costs that can compete with the China. China and six ASEAN countries have been promote industrial upgrading, especially technical and capital-intensive industries. Incentive polices include tax relief for investment in concessions. Vietnam is the only one encouraging labor-intensive industries there. 3.The investment abroad of TEs had shifted from small and medium-sized labor-intensive to large capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries. The mainly investment area from the region of the Pearl River Delta in China moves to the Yangtze River Delta, where has a good infrastructure, transport network, and abundant skilled manpower. Due to the economic policies changed in China, some TEs would move to the western part of China to develop domestic market. While the industries who’s products mainly for export, they have concerned to move to other countries for manufacturing now. Vietnam is one that has attracted TEs due to its low operating costs comparing with other five ASEAN countries.

參考文獻


何重慶,「台灣製造業廠商對外投資區位決定因素之比較與變化」,淡江大學產業經濟學研究所碩士論文(2007年)。
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被引用紀錄


李函穎(2011)。越南推動革新政策後臺灣和越南的關係〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2011.00888
林榆傑(2014)。以企業文化觀點探討企業國際化對組織績效影響之研究〔碩士論文,長榮大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6833%2fCJCU.2014.00070
蔡沛霖(2013)。台商南進之區位選擇及發展策略之研究 -以東協四國為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2013.00153

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