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  • 學位論文

濕度對粉塵採樣影響及廠內金屬粉塵對廠外懸浮微粒影響

Influence of Humidity for Dust Sampling and Outdoor Particulate Matters on Indoor Airborne Particles in Workplaces

指導教授 : 劉宏信

摘要


近幾年來粒狀汙染物(Particulate Matter, PM)漸漸被受到重視,依據周圍環境不同,粒狀汙染物所夾帶的汙染源也會有所不同。在一些懸浮微粒的採樣實驗指出當暴露在不同金屬粉塵作業環境時,其周界所暴露到之金屬元素也會有所不同因此本研究的目的:1.挑選微粒採集常用之聚氯乙烯(PVC)濾紙、混合纖維素酯(MCE)濾紙及鐵氟龍(PTFE)濾紙,利用上述不同材質濾紙進行粉塵採樣,並探討濕度對秤重結果造成之影響。2.探討金屬粉塵作業工廠內外金屬元素暴露關係。 研究方法是將直徑為37mm之混合纖維素酯(MCE)濾紙、聚氯乙烯(PVC)濾紙以及鐵弗龍(PTFE)濾紙,皆於採樣前放置在認證天平室中調理24小時後秤重,再將這三種濾紙於同一天進行粉塵採樣,並詳細記錄採樣當天現場溫度及濕度;及使用20μL二次水滴入三種材質濾紙中進行吸水測試,比較濕度對濾紙的影響。針對不同工廠內作業環境及廠外周界懸浮微粒進行採樣,利用濾紙串聯多孔性衝擊瓶之採樣系統進行作業環境空氣採樣及使用個人式環境氣膠微粒採樣器( Personal Environmental Monitor, PEM )連接採樣泵進行工廠周界懸浮微粒採樣,並分析濾紙上的金屬元素。 採樣結果發現混合纖維素酯(MCE)濾紙之重量比鐵弗龍(PTFE)濾紙以及聚氯乙烯(PVC)濾紙高。因而證實,一旦暴露於不同的相對濕度下,會造成親水性濾材(MCE濾紙)秤重結果產生較大偏差,進而影響秤重數據以及採樣準確性。研究結果也發現廠內作業所產生之金屬粉塵對廠外周界環境汙染源息息相關,A公司周界懸浮微粒濃度為31.892μg/m3,其中金屬銦濃度在廠外周界含量為0.094%;B公司為開放式的廠房,該公司周界懸浮微粒濃度125.601μg/m3,其中金屬鉻、鐵、錳、鎳、釩濃度在廠外周界含量分別為0.066%、20.688%、5.193%、0.037%、0.022%;C公司周界懸浮微粒濃度49.594μg/m3,其中金屬鋁、銅、鎂濃度在廠外周界含量分別為2.480%、0.073%、0.915%。代表廠內作業產生的金屬粉塵極可能透過排氣口或人員出入口逸散至廠外周界,進一步影響大氣中懸浮微粒組成。 鐵氟龍(PTFE)濾紙和聚氯乙烯(PVC)濾紙不會因濕度增加而影響其秤重結果;混合纖維素酯(MCE)濾紙因本身具吸濕性,會隨濕度增加影響其重量變化較大。工廠周界之汙染源可能會伴隨著附近汙染來源不同而導致大氣中富含有不同的汙染物;因此建議在工廠作業之人員應加強個人呼吸防護具之配戴防護以及加強工廠排放汙染物之控制,減少因廠內汙然源排放所造成之健康危害。

並列摘要


Recently, particulate matters (PM) are getting attention due to their health effects. The composition of PM depends on sources and surrounding environments. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to study the effect of humidity on different filters, (2) and to study the relationship of metal on PM between from perimeter environment and from the workplace. This study utilized a mixed cellulose esters (MCE) filter, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter and a polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) filter, and all had a diameter of 37 mm. They were conditioned for 24 h before weighed. To investigate the effect of of humidity on the filters, 20μL of distilled/deionized water was added into three different filters. To study the relationship of metal on PM from perimeter environment and workplace, sampling devices of perimeter environments and workplaces were a personal style environment aerosol particulate sampler (personal environmental monitor, PEM), and a filter-impinger serial sampling train, respectively. The results showed that the effect of humidity on the MCE filter was much greater than those on the PTFE filter and the PVC filter. It also found that metal dust produced by the plant was closely related to the that of perimeter environment. A company perimeter PM concentration was 31.892 μg/m3 with 0.094% of the indium. Company B was an opening plant, and the perimeter PM concentration was 125.601 μg/m3 with 0.066%, 20.688%, 5.193%, 0.037%, 0.022% of chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium respectively. C Company perimeter PM concentration was 49.594 μg/m3 with 2.480%, 0.073%, 0.915% of aluminum, copper, magnesium respectively. It indicated that the metal dust generating form the factory was likely to escape from vents or entrances, then affect the perimeter PM composition. PTFE filter and PVC filter were not influenced by the increasing humidity, so they can be used in gravimetric analysis. Metal on PM produced from workplace may disperses into the perimeter environment. Therefore, the employees in the factory should wear personal protective equipment and the workplace should have a proper pollution control plan for reducing the health hazards from the pollutant produced by factories.

參考文獻


空氣品質指標,環境保護署,香港
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