以實驗動物與人體試驗評估涼茶對體內一氧化氮生成之影響

Effect of herbal tea on the nitric oxide production accessed by laboratory rats and human subjects

邵敬雅(Ching-Ya Shao)

指導教授 ： 林以勤

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

涼茶為以多種中草藥以及藥食兩用植物，經煲製調配而成的中草藥複方飲品。傳統醫學記載，涼茶具有清熱解毒、去濕生津、清火、明目、散結和消腫等作用。研究指出，涼茶中的中草藥成分 (金銀花、夏枯草、仙草、菊花、布渣葉、甘草和雞蛋花) 具有降血壓、促進血管舒張、抗氧化及抗發炎等功效。一氧化氮為體內具有訊息傳導功能之氣體分子，其在體內之生成量及生物利用率，可作為內皮細胞機能失調、心血管疾病罹患風險及動脈粥狀硬化之判斷指標。因此，本篇研究將針對涼茶對於提升體內一氧化氮含量之作用進行探討。本實驗將分成兩部分 (一) 動物試驗:給予6週齡Wistar大鼠涼茶 (90、180和450 mg/kg rat)，為期3週，於每週測量其血清與尿液中之一氧化氮含量，在試驗結束時進行犧牲，並取其臟器及脂肪組織進行秤重。(二) 人體試驗:共100位20-50歲健康受試者 (試驗期間共流失2位健康受試者)，在為期兩週的涼茶介入下，於試驗開始及結束時進行一般常規體檢，並收集健康受試者之血液與尿液，進行血清生化數值、健康受試者全血細胞計數及血清與尿液一氧化氮含量分析。實驗結果顯示，(一) 給予大鼠涼茶180與450 mg/kg rat之組別，可顯著增加第二週之血清一氧化氮與硝酸鹽之濃度 (p<0.05)。在尿液一氧化氮含量分析結果顯示，給予涼茶之組別，可顯著增加第二週之尿液總一氧化氮含量及硝酸鹽含量。(二) 將100位健康受試者隨機分為介入涼茶及安慰劑之組別，在第0和2週進行抽血、尿液收集及一般身體檢測。實驗結果顯示，在介入涼茶 (n=50) 及安慰劑 (n=48) 之組別間，其年齡、身高、體重、身體質量指數、血清生化參數、全血細胞計數、收縮壓、舒張壓及心率並無顯著差異 (p>0.05)。在血清分析結果顯示，給予涼茶可顯著增加第2週血清總一氧化氮、硝酸鹽及亞硝酸鹽含量。在尿液分析部分，給予涼茶可顯著提升第2週尿液之總一氧化氮及硝酸鹽含量。將健康受試者以性別分組，無論在男性或女性，給予涼茶皆可顯著提升血清總一氧化氮及硝酸鹽含量。此外，在男性部分，給予涼茶亦可顯著提升血清亞硝酸鹽含量，以及尿液中總一氧化氮及硝酸鹽之濃度。以年齡進行分組分析，將其分成20-30、30-40和40-50歲三個組別，只有在年齡層20-30歲之組別，給予涼茶相較於安慰劑組，可顯著增加其血清及尿液總一氧化氮及硝酸鹽，並增加血清亞硝酸鹽含量。根據上述結果得知，涼茶為一安全且具提升體內一氧化氮含量之口服飲品，未來可將其發展為一具心血管保健潛力之產品。

關鍵字

一氧化氮 ； Wistar大鼠 ； 涼茶 ； 人體試驗

並列摘要

Liang cha is commonly known as traditional herbal tea in Chinese. It is made from a variety of medicinal and edible plants. According to Chinese traditional medicine, herbal tea can be used in relieving discomfort symptoms, such as dispelling inner heat, detoxication, improving vision, and anti-oncotic. Previous studies indicated that herbal tea, including the herbs Lonicera japonica, Prunella vulgaris, Platostoma palustre, Chrysanthemum, Microcos paniculata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Plumeria obtuse. It has been reported to various beneficial biological functions, such as reducing blood pressure, vasodilation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of gas molecules which known to be involved in biological signaling pathway, such as vasodilation. Several studies have shown that internal production and bioavailability of NO can be the indicators of endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of herbal tea supplementation on nitric oxide production in animal model and human trial. This study includes both animal and human studies: (1) In animal model: Six-weeks-old Wistar rats are given oral administration of different doses of herbal tea supplement (90, 180, and 450 mg/kg rat) for three weeks. The level of nitric oxide in serum and urine are measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. (2) In human trial: The study was a parallel randomized human trial. One hundred of healthy adults aged 20 to 50 volunteered to participate in this study (two subjects were lost during the trial). At the beginning and the end of the trial, the participants would be undergoing a routine physical examination, the blood samples and urine samples are collected for the analysis of serum biochemical parameters, serum biochemical parameters, complete blood count, and urine nitric oxide level. (1) The results showed that the serum levels of nitric oxide and nitrate in rats fed with 180 and 450 mg/kg rat of herbal tea were significantly increased as compared to NDS (normal diet with sugar) group. The urine levels of nitric oxide and nitrate in herbal tea group were significantly increased as compared to NDS group during the second week of the experiment. (2) One hundred volunteers were divided into randomly two groups. (herbal tea and placebo). The results showed that there are no significantly difference in the age, height, body weight, body mass index, serum biochemical parameters, complete blood count, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate between herbal tea group (n=50) and placebo (n=48) groups. Serum level of nitric oxide, nitrate, and nitrite in herbal tea group were significantly increased compared to placebo group (p<0.05) at second week. There are similar results in the urine level of nitric oxide and nitrate. Health subjects are grouped by sex, the results indicated that serum nitric oxide and nitrate in herbal tea group were significantly increased as compared to placebo group in both male and female sexes. The concentrations of serum nitrite, and urine nitric oxide and nitrate in herbal tea group were significantly increased as compared to placebo group in men. In addition, health subjects were divided into three age groups (Ages 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 years), respectively. In ages 20-30 group, the serum levels of nitric oxide, nitrate, and nitrite, and the urine levels of nitric oxide and nitrate were significantly increased as compared to placebo. The results demonstrate that intake of herbal tea can be developed as a healthy drink for prevention of cardiovascular disease through the modulation of nitric oxide in human body.

並列關鍵字

nitric oxide ； Wistar rat ； herbal tea ； human trial

參考文獻

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國立台灣大學醫學院附設醫院檢驗醫學部公開資料 (2016)。2017年5月9日，取自