台灣中老年人資源流失、社會支持、因應型態與心理幸福感的關係

The Relationship of Resources loss, Social Support, Coping Style, and Psychological Well-Being among Middle-Aged and Older People in Taiwan

李思儀(Szu-Yi Lee)

指導教授 ： 李仁豪

中山醫學大學/醫學科技學院/心理學系暨臨床心理學碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2013.00096

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解台灣中老年人資源流失、社會支持、因應型態與心理幸福感的關係。本研究屬於橫斷面問卷調查，研究樣本來源為臺灣地區（含澎湖）的642位中老年人。研究工具包含「資源流失調查問卷」、「社會支持量表」、「Brief-COPE」，以及「心理幸福感量表」。所得資料以描述性統計、t檢定、變異數分析與結構方程模式進行統計分析檢定。研究結果整理如下：
一、國內中老年人的心理幸福感現況：除自主性未達顯著差異，中年人各層面的心理幸福感顯著高於老年人。
二、國內中老年人的資源流失現況：老年人的能量資源、個人特質與能力資源，以及物質與條件資源流失的情形明顯比中年人多。
三、國內中老年人之社會支持現況：中年人獲得較多情緒支持、訊息支持、社會整合，以及整體社會支持。
四、國內中老年人的因應型態現況：中年人習慣使用問題解決因應型態與情緒調節與支持因應型態來面對問題；老年人傾向使用逃避痛苦的因應型態來面對困難。
五、性別、經濟、健康狀況、教育程度與婚姻狀態等背景變項皆會影響心理幸福感。
六、資源流失、社會支持、因應型態（問題解決因應型態、調節情緒與支持因應型）與心理幸福感之結構方程模式獲得支持。表示資源流失可以直接影響心理幸福感，亦可透過因應型態與社會支持間接影響心理幸福感，資源流失與正向因應（問題解決因應型態、調節情緒與支持因應型）呈負相關，即資源流失愈多，愈少使用正向因應，心理幸福感降低；資源流失與社會支持呈負相關，即資源流失愈多，社會支持愈少，心理幸福感下降。而且，社會支持會直接影響心理幸福感，即獲得愈多社會支持，愈感幸福；社會支持也可透過因應型態影響幸福感，即獲得愈多社會支持，愈傾向採用正向因應進而提升幸福感。最後，正向因應（如問題解決因應型態以及情緒調節與支持因應型態）和心理幸福感呈顯著正相關。
七、逃避痛苦因應型態與心理幸福感的關係不如預期般達顯著，推測此差異與樣本特性造成因應效能不足或者與發展歷程有關。
　　最後，本研究提供建議予中老年人與未來的研究。

關鍵字

資源流失 ； 社會支持 ； 因應型態 ； 心理幸福感 ； 中老年人

並列摘要

The purpose of the research is to discuss the relationship of resources loss, social support, coping style, and psychological well-being among middle-aged and older people in Taiwan. The questionnaire is a cross-sectional study and 642 subjects are from Taiwan, including Penghu County. By adopting the following instruments: Resources Loss Scale, the revised version of ISSB（Inventory of social support behavior）, Brief-COPE, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale（PWB）, and by adopting descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and structural equation modeling（SEM）the data are collected and analyzed. The main results are following:
1. The phenomenon of PWB among middle-aged and older people in Taiwan is that middle-aged people have significantly higher PWB than older people except autonomy dimension.
2. The phenomenon of resources loss among middle-aged and older people in Taiwan is that older people loss more resources than middle-aged people, including resources of energy, personal characteristics and competence, and objects and conditions.
3. The phenomenon of social support among middle-aged and older people in Taiwan is that middle-aged people get more emotional support, guidance support, social activity support and overall social support.
4. The phenomenon of coping style among middle-aged and older people in Taiwan is that middle-aged people are used to adopting problem-solving coping style and emotion accommodation and support coping style when they facing the problem; but older people are used to using avoidant coping style.
5. The demographic variables of sex, age, economic, health, education, and marriage state will significantly influence psychological well-being.
6. The SEM of resources loss, social support, coping style（problem-solving coping style and emotion accommodation and support coping style）and PWB can fit the data collected and the previous theses. First, the negative influence of Resources loss on PWB is significant and problem-solving coping style, emotion accommodation and support coping style, and social support mediate the relationship between resources loss and PWB. That means losing more resources, people will use less problem-solving coping style or emotion accommodation and support coping style to solve the problem and then decrease PWB; Losing more resources, people will get less social support and then decrease PWB. Second, the positive influence of social support on PWB is significant and problem-solving coping style and emotion accommodation and support coping style mediate the relationship between social support and PWB. Finally, the positive influence of problem-solving coping style and emotion accommodation and support coping style on PWB is significant.
7. The path of avoidant coping style to PWB is not significant and the result is not fit the previous researches either. The difference may be caused by the character of sample or the process of development.
Finally, the present research offered some suggestions for middle-aged and older people and future studies.

並列關鍵字

resources loss ； social support ； coping style ； psychological well-being ； middle-aged and older people

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