台灣人口老化,長期照護需求逐年增加,護理之家的照護服務成為老人晚年居所的選項之一。進入護理之家的老人,其社會支持系統的狀況將影響生理、心理、壓力因應以及生活滿意等諸多層面,因此對於護理之家老人社會支持議題的關注,目的是希望在社會支持的維護與發展下,減少老人在住進護理之家後因為社會支持因素所導致的生理與心理的不良影響。 本研究採取質性研究法,利用訪談提綱進行訪談,了解老人社會支持的來源、互動內容、接觸的形式、進住護理之家後所帶來的支持轉變、以及其在護理之家的生活期待等。本研究共有二十一名受訪者,包含十五名護理之家住民以及六名機構工作人員。研究分析將採用質性訪談資料、田野筆記、以及相關文獻,以編碼歸類並分析佐證。 研究結果發現護理之家老人最主要的支持來源有家屬、工作人員、以及住民,其以關係緊密程度個可區家屬關係為「緊密型」、「重修型」、「疏離型」、「斷裂型」;工作人員關係則有「擬似親屬模式」、「友伴模式」、「討好屈就模式」、「主僱模式」;機構住民則有「莫逆之契」、「志同道合」、「君子之交」、「格格不入」等四種類型;此外環境也對於老人的社會支持具有直接與間接的影響。在本研究中發現家屬與工作人員將因為其功能狀況而具有替代與互補模式之機動關係存在。本研究中也發現護理之家老人的期待與各種支持的反應,對老人的社會支持之概況有更多的了解與認識,並提出討論與建議來提供機構與家屬做為支持建構之參考。
Nursing home became an important long-term care system due to the aging population increase in Taiwan. The elder living in nursing homes, they owned social support will affect their heath, emotion, and quality of life. Objective: This study examined to find out the residents' social support general situation include the sources of social support, contact with important person, and the social support changes after they living in nursing home. The ultimate objective is helping the residents have enough social supports, and preserve their health. Method: It is a qualitative study. We use purposive sampling to select two nursing homes that have excellent management. The research participants are elders and nursing home staffs, we interviewed 15 elder residents and 6 staffs with question guide. This study had informed consent, and applied for the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Result:(a) The residents have many support sources, on relationship ties can know the older and support sources’ supports. Instrument support usually from staff and emotional support always come from family. (b) The family’s social support functions to reduce then the institution staff will replace family’s role, the staff would be like the resident’s family member. (c) This study finds the residents’ life expect and support reaction. Discussion: For provide the best individual support services, the social worker have to evaluate residents' support network, size, function, and effect. Social worker will be a coordinator, let the institution and family work together to keep supports, create new supports, and strengthen their support.
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