吸菸者拒菸自我效能與健康信念相關因素探討－台灣中部某醫學中心門診為例

Self-Efficacy in Smoking Cessation and Health Belief -in Outpatients at a Medical Center in Central Taiwan

歐香縫(Shiang-Ferng Ou)

指導教授 ： 顏文娟 ； 李選

中山醫學大學/護理學院/護理研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2006.00056

摘要

本研究的目的在探討影響醫院門診吸菸者之拒菸自我效能、健康信念、菸害知識之因子及三者之間的關係，本研究為橫斷式研究設計，以中部某醫學中心來門診就醫之吸菸病患或家屬為收案對象，於民國95年3月至4月共收集156位個案。研究方法採立意取樣，研究工具為結構式問卷，內容包括：吸菸者個人基本屬性、尼古丁成癮情形、菸害知識、健康信念、戒菸意願、拒菸自我效能等六部份，由個案自填方式收集資料。依研究目的及變項性質，選擇統計方法包括頻率、百分比、平均值、標準差、t-test、one-way ANOVA、卡方檢定、皮爾森積差相關分析等進行統計分析。
本研究的結果發現（一）菸害知識會因年齡、職業、教育程度而有差異。菸害知識得分與建康信念總平均相比較呈正相關。（二）健康信念會因個案年齡、職業、教育程度、菸齡而有影響。「健康信念總平均」與「罹患性認知」、「嚴重性認知」、「不吸菸的自覺利益性」與教育程度呈現正相關，即教育程度越高建康信念越好。（三）吸菸者尼古丁成癮情形越低拒菸自我效能越強（四）戒菸意願與拒菸自我效能有相關，即有戒菸意願者其拒菸自我效能較高。（五）有戒菸意願之研究對象所採的戒菸行動計畫以「意志力」最多，其次是「家人協助」，佔第三位者為採「戒菸專線」。
本研究結果，可配合健康促進做為門診介入性衛教、戒菸課程或團體衛教課程設計及戒菸輔導業務推動的參考依據，並可有效的提高戒菸率進而降低醫療成本。

關鍵字

菸害知識 ； 健康信念 ； 尼古丁成癮情形 ； 戒菸意願 ； 拒菸自我效能

並列摘要

The purposes of this research are to investigate the influence factors of self-efficiency in smoking cessation, health belief, and smoking-related knowledge of the smokers at outpatient clinic in a hospital and the association between the three variables. This study was a cross sectional design. Total 156 smoker-patients or families were recruited at the outpatient clinic in a medical center in middle Taiwan during March to April in 2006. Purposive sampling was performed. A questionnaire was utilized including demographic data, nicotine addiction, smoking related knowledge, health belief attitude towards smoking cessation and self-efficiency in smoking cessation.. Based on the research objectives and the properties of variables, appropriate statistic methods were chosen. The methods include frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation analysis and so on.
The findings of this research can be summarized as follows. (1) Smokers with different ages, occupations, and education possess different smoking-related knowledge. The score in the “smoking-related knowledge” has positive correlation with the average score in “health belief”. (2) Health belief of a smoker was found to be associated with age, occupation, education and smoking history. The average score in health belief, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits of not smoking have positive correlation with the education. In other words, better education leads to better health belief. (3) A smoker with lower nicotine addiction has higher self-efficiency in smoking cessation. (4) The self-efficiency of a smoker in smoking cessation is related to his or her attitude towards smoking cessation. In other words, the smokers who desire to quite smoking have higher self-efficiency in smoking cessation. (5) The “willpower” is the most common measure that the smokers took to quite smoking, followed by the “help from their families” and the “tobacco cessation hotline.”
The results of this research combined with health promotion can be used in health intervention/education in outpatient clinic, design of smoking cessation and group health education program, and smoking-cessation counseling. Besides, this research can help increase the smoking-cessation rate and decrease the medical cost.

並列關鍵字

smoking-related knowledge ； health belief ； nicotine addiction ； attitude towards smoking cessation ； self-efficiency in smoking cessation.

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