透過您的圖書館登入
IP:52.54.111.228
  • 學位論文

廢含汞產品熱脫附處理技術之研究

A Study of Waste Multi Mercury Containing Products Treatment by Using Thermal Desorption Technology

指導教授 : 張添晉
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


汞因低沸點及易揮發之化學與物理特性,且具持久性及生物累積性,故聯合國世界環保總署(UNEP)列為全球性第一級之污染物質,國內含汞產品眾多卻並非所有類別皆獲得妥善回收處理及管理管制,恐造成嚴重汞污染環境問題。 本研究主要選定五類具產出量大、危害性高、需迫切處理之含汞產品(日光燈管、冷陰極燈管、含汞溫度計、含汞傾斜開關及車輛高強度放電燈),深入探討其基本結構特性及適用範圍,並蒐集國內外含汞產品回收資源化處理技術及汞削減管理管制資料,作為後續實驗之理論背景基礎。本研究藉以國內外含汞廢棄物主流回收處理技術,建構廢含汞產品之前處理及熱脫附處理實驗,測定含汞物質前處理之逸散量,並輔以高溫熱脫附實驗處理複合含汞廢棄物,探討評估汞物質之逸散情形及熱脫附處理最佳操作條件,進行提升國內含汞廢棄物之回收處理。 本研究選擇之五大類廢含汞產品均依標準程序進行前處理,日光燈管及溫度計於前處理過程汞釋出濃度情形高於現行環境總汞濃度標準0.05 mg/m3,其中日光燈管之汞釋出濃度更是高於4倍以上,其餘含汞產品若同時處理大量樣品,則汞逸散濃度將遠大於室內環境總汞之容許濃度,顯示前處理過程將可能大量釋出含汞物質,故需於通風良好環境,並配戴安全防護裝置進行前處理,以降低環境風險。另推估台灣日光燈管、冷陰極燈管、溫度計、汞開關及HID燈在處理過程造成汞逸散量分別為2.9107、1.0401、0.0087、0.0019及0.0007 kg/year。 五類廢含汞產品熱脫附實驗結果,單一含汞產品熱脫附行為較為單純約可在300oC脫附完畢,另複合熱脫附處理(螢光粉組)之熱脫附溫度區間約為50至150 oC;純汞組約為50至300 oC;綜合組約為45至150 oC。顯示除螢光粉組熱脫附行為較為單純,可約於200 oC脫附完畢;混樣處理(純汞組及綜合組),可能因純汞類之含汞玻璃殘渣破碎不完全,結構上可能多有死角,經通氣後內部通風不均且熱傳導不一,致使含汞物質熱脫附釋出行為較為複雜。然實驗結果顯示於操作溫度約400 oC內含汞物質可大部分釋出,與實廠操作條件以700 oC、持溫6小時等條件相較下,可大幅縮減含汞物質熱脫附操作溫度,以節省回收再利用成本,並避免造成能源浪費及環境負擔;而實驗結果亦證實熱脫附實驗可進行後續汞物質之再利用。

並列摘要


The characteristics of mercury were low boiling point, volatile, persistence and bioaccumulation. That was classified as a toxic chemical in the world by UNEP. Most mercury-containing products in Taiwan had not yet treatded and managed completely, it would result in serverly mercury pollution. Therefore, the study had selected five catagories large mercury consumption, highly hazardous and urgently recycled mercury-containing products such as fluorescent lamps, cold cathode fluorescent lamps, mercury thermometers, mercury switchs and high intensity discharge lamps to analyze the structural characteristics and application. And the study had investigated both of mercury recycling technology and reducing management to build the theoretical background for follow-up experiments. The study based on the main mercury treatment technology to build the pretreatment and thermal desorption technology for five mercury containing products to measure the mercury released from pretreatment and evaluate the optimal operating condition by using thermal desorption technology to enhance the recycling of mercury waste. The mercury concentration released from pretreatment for FLs and mercury thermometers were higher than 0.05 mg/m3 regulated from mercury standards of permissible exposure limits of airborne hazardous substances in workplace, especially FLs were four times higher than the rules. The released mercury concentration of others would also exceed the regulation in treating great quantities of wastes. The results showed that mercury must greatly release from pretreatment and the mercury emission caused by fluorescent lamps, cold cathode lamps, thermometers, mercury switches and HID lamps were 2.9107, 1.0401, 0.0087, 0.0019 and 0.0007 kg/year. The results of thermal desorption experiments for individual mercury-containing products showed that was completely desorbed at 300 oC. In addition, the integrated treatment results of multi mercury-containing products showed that the fluorescent powder set thermal desorption temperature ranging were from 50 to 150 oC, the pure mercury set were 50 to 300 oC and the mixed set were 45 to 150 oC. The result showed that thermal desorption behavior of fluorescent set was more simple to be desorbed at 200 oC. The integrated set resulted in complex thermal desorption behavior because of incompletely shattering, non-uniform thermal conductivity and structural dead space. However, the result showed that mercury could mostly release at 400 oC. The operating parameter uesd in this study compared to the full-scale treatment plant such as 700 oC and more than 6 hours could be substantially reduced the operating temperature, saved the recycling costs, avoided energy wasting and environmental burdens. The experimental results also confirmed that the subsequent thermal desorption experiment could promote the reuse and recycling of mercury substances.

參考文獻


【40】 李淑莉,台灣地區燃煤發電廠含汞物質流布與管理之研究,碩士論文,國立台北科技大學環境工程與管理研究所,台北,2008。
【24】 邱盈璋,廢含汞燈管熱脫附處理技術之研究,碩士論文,國立台北科技大學環境規劃與管理研究所,台北,2006。
【16】 行政院環境保護署,我國居民頭髮中含汞量調查計畫,台北,2005。
【25】 行政院環境保護署,廢照明燈源(不含日光燈直管)處理技術及成本效益評估計劃,台北,2003。
【31】 行政院環境保護署,廢棄物資源化技術暨附加價值提升研究計畫,台北,2008,第2-12頁。

被引用紀錄


翁菁悅(2013)。廢照明光源處理廠汞物質流與管理之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2013.00524
楊勝惟(2012)。廢含汞產品管理與風險分析之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2012.00255
張震偉(2012)。廢印刷電路板處理及冷陰極燈管拆解技術之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0006-1107201220072100

延伸閱讀