室內空氣品質診斷與改善方法之研究-以建築實品屋為例

A Study on Diagnositic and Improvement Methods of Indoor Air Quality-Example for Model -Housing

孫煒超(Wei-Chao Sun)

指導教授 ： 邵文政

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2011.00410

摘要

造成實品屋室內空氣品質污染來源眾多，本研究主要著眼於裝修建材及通風換氣對實品屋空氣品質之影響，以我國建商在銷售建案時常使用的實品屋為主要測試對象，針對不同階段、不同換氣方式探討甲醛及TVOC逸散行為特性，對裝修人員、銷售人員、屋主的危害影響，並用實場量測實驗比對分析及改善建議，確立對使用者健康影響效益。本研究內容可整理歸納以下結論：

一、建議實品屋建材使用有健康綠建材標章
因本研究量測案例只有使用低逸散建材且面貼木皮或其他面飾材，但在木作施工黏著時所使用的黏著劑仍是屬於一般強力膠，如能使用有綠建材標章的板材或黏著劑，對於在施工中的人員或之後入住的屋主，能夠有一個健康又安全的環境，減少致癌風險。

二、CO2對室內空氣品質無顯著影響
本研究發CO2有變化時，皆因受到人為影響，如人員靠近儀器、室內人數增加等，造成濃度上升，而非建材之影響，所以CO2對室內空氣品質無顯著影響。

三、建議採用自然通風換氣方式
本研究發現自然通風雖然風量大小不定，換氣率忽大忽小從0 ~14.3，造成甲醛及TVOC的濃度也忽高忽低，而空調送風的風量穩定、換氣率也穩定，所以甲醛及TVOC濃度也是穩定的降低，但以效能來看自然通風的平均值及最大值皆低於空調送風，所以建議採用自然通風換氣方式。

四、建議提高換氣率
由本研究可知換氣率愈高，甲醛及TVOC濃度就越低，自然通風換氣率高，雖然風量不穩定，無法穩定的降低濃度；空調送風雖然換氣率低於自然通風，風量穩定，能持續的降低濃度，但本研究發現空調送風的換氣率在無使用低逸散建材的C實品屋為2.76，甲醛及TVOC的濃度較接近環保署建議值；如在須採用機械送風環境下，增加送風量則能提高換氣率，如同時有引進新鮮外氣，甲醛及TVOC的濃度就能下降至更低，但須考慮耗能問題。

五、提升健康環境概念
由本研究結果證實，使用低逸散建材對於室內空氣品質有明顯改善，但建商對於使用低逸散建材或低逸散健康綠建材都覺得是增加成本，不會去考慮對使用者及施工者是否有不良的影響；所以希望能持續推廣健康綠建材的使用，讓大家都知道使用健康綠建材不僅是對人是有好處的，對於環境也是有正面的影響，因此提升健康環境概念也是另一課題。

六、後續研究
1.實品屋不同換氣量對室內空氣品質的效益評估。
2.不同換氣方式對室內空氣品質的效益評估。

關鍵字

室內空氣品質 ； 室內裝修 ； 實品屋 ； 通風換氣 ； 甲醛 ； TVOC ； 低逸散建材 ； 勞工作業環境

並列摘要

The effect of indoor air quality of contaminated source in Model-Housing is numerous. In present study, we measured the building materials and ventilation in Model-Housing. Study in different stage and ventilation methods to understand the distribution of formaldehyde and TVOC. And which disadvantage for workers, sales and occupants. In order to establish the health effect, we measured the building materials and ventilation in Model-Housing.

A CONCLUSION:
1. Improvement of air quality of low emission materials on Model-Housing.
After studies, we found that used low emission materials will decrease the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC below the suggestion values and disadvantage. Although the contamination of construction were high and used the adhesive were getting much higher, but after open the door and ventilation, the contamination will decrease. After completed, the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC were all less than suggestion values. Without considering workers, sales or house owner, use the low emission materials will provide a good workplace and reside air quality.

2. CO2 is no significant on indoor air quality
In this study, CO2 was change by human, such as close to the equipment, people in the indoor increased. That resulting in increased concentration, instead of building materials.

3. Suggest using the natural ventilation mode
In this study we found the natural ventilation was not stable. The air change rate is from 0 to 14.3.That made the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC also fluctuated. On the other hand when ventilation was stable, the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC also stable. The average and maximum concentration on natural ventilation are lower than the air conditioning. It’s proposed that the use of natural ventilation mode

4. Suggest increasing in ventilation rate.
From this study shows that the high air change rate can reduce the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC. Although the natural ventilation had high air change,but was not stable, that unable to reduce the concentration stably. Although the air conditioners ventilation is lower than natural ventilation. But air flow was stability that can continue to reduce the concentration. In this study, the air supply used blast and not use low emission building materials. In the case C, formaldehyde and TVOC concentrations was closer to the EPA suggestion values. If increasing the air supply that formaldehyde and TVOC concentration can be decreased to lower.

5. Promotion to the concept of healthy environment.
In this study, that had improved significantly in indoor air quality to use of low emission building materials. But the construction company thinks that use low emission building materials or low emission green building materials is to increase the costs, they didn’t o consider whether the construction for occupant and user have an adverse effects. Fortunately, this study measured the sampling building that used of low emission building materials, because of the eco-awareness, they in order to catch this trend and increase the selling, so they used of low emission building materials. But still not completely had the concept of health environmental. Therefore, to continue promote health green building materials, not only for human health but also well for environment. To promotion healthy environment is another important subject.

6. Following research
1.Assessment of the different ventilation for indoor air quality on Model-Housing.
2.The benefits for the different ventilation methods on indoor air quality.

並列關鍵字

indoor air quality ； interior decoration ； Model-Housing ； ventilation ； formaldehyde ； TVOC ； low emission building materials ； workplace

參考文獻

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