網路化檔案評量系統內反思機制及其對自我調整學習之影響

The Influences of Reflective Mechanisms in the Web-Based Portfolio Assessment System on Self-Regulated Learning

林俊宇(Jyun-Yu Li)

指導教授 ： 張基成

國立臺北科技大學/人文與科學學院/技術及職業教育研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

網路化檔案評量系統可視為新一代輔助反思的工具，因此本研究已成功發展了網路化檔案評量系統內反思機制之線上環境，反思機制包含了撰寫、編輯、引導、瀏覽、回饋及評估六項機制，此為本研究重要成果之一。後續實證之研究方法採用「準實驗研究設計之不等組前測-後測對照組設計」，研究對象為中部某技術學院附設學校71位高職生(實驗組35位；控制組36位)，進行為期10週的教學實驗之「網頁設計」課程，兩組反思活動各計7次。實驗組使用本研究自行發展的網路化檔案評量系統之反思機制反思；控制組使用紙本式檔案之學習單反思，兩組並採用相同的反思策略、主題來探討不同的實驗介入，及透過反思內容分析，評估學生反思表現的差異情形，來探究使用反思機制後對自我調整學習之影響。本研究具體研究成果分述如下：
一、線上六項反思機制的整體滿意度良好且易用性優於有用性，其中觀摩機制的易用性、有用性及整體滿意度最後受實驗組學生信賴。

二、使用反思機制的自我調整學習整體表現優於紙本式檔案反思，向度中影響效果最好的是學科價值，其餘依序為自我判斷、自我效能皆顯著優於紙本式檔案反思，而使用反思機制之反思品質也顯著優於紙本式檔案。

三、使用反思機制後的自我調整學習整體表現優於反思前，顯示透過反思機制在自我調整學習有顯著正面促進作用，各向度中影響效果最好的是自我觀察，其餘依序為自我判斷、學科價值、自我反應皆顯著優於反思前，而使用反思機制後易促進反思內容的掌握。

四、使用反思機制在自設目標參照及教師參照的自我判斷上顯著優於紙本式檔案反思，且使用反思機制後的自設目標參照的自我判斷影響最好，自我反應則是呈現適應性學習且有顯著促進的作用。

五、使用反思機制後的學生，在反思表現層次越高越易促進自我調整學習整體表現，其中深入反思的學生在整體向度中，自我觀察的影響效果最好，其餘依序為自我判斷、考試焦慮及自我反應，皆顯著正面影響且優於反思表現之有反思學生及無反思學生。

六、反思表現之深入反思學生促進自我整體學習的關鍵在於自我觀察、自我判斷的提升，且深入反思學生的教師參照與自設目標參照的自我判斷皆優於有反思與無反思學生。

七、反思表現之深入反思學生易產生考試焦慮，無反思學生易產生防衛性學習，而反思機制之高滿意度學生則易促進學科價值。

八、整體反思機制之高滿意度的學生在自我調整學習優於低滿意度學生，顯示反思機制對自我調整學習有正面幫助，而影響效果最好的是自我判斷，其餘依序為學科價值、自我觀察及自我效能。

九、六項反思機制滿意度對自我調整學習都有正面幫助。而反思機制滿意度促進自我調整學習的關鍵，會隨著反思表現影響而影響。

關鍵字

網路化檔案評量 ； 反思機制 ； 反思表現 ； 自我調整學習 ； 機制滿意度

並列摘要

The Web-Based Portfolio Assessment System could be deemed as the new-generation instrument to assist the reflection. For this reason, this research has successfully developed the online circumstance of the reflective mechanisms within the Web-Based Portfolio Assessment System. The reflective mechanisms include 6 mechanisms: Composing, editing, guiding, browsing, feedbacking and assessing. This is one of the important outcomes of this research. Persons concerned adopt “The Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent-Group Design of Quasi-Experimental Research Design” for research technique of the follow-up solid evidence. The subjects investigated are 71 students of vocational high school from the affiliated school of one technical vocational high school in the middle part of the country (35 persons in the experimental group; 36 persons in the control group). A teaching experiment on the course of “Webpage Design” which lasts for 10 weeks is carried out. There are totally 7 times of reflective activities in both groups. The experimental group uses the reflection of reflective mechanisms of the Web-Based Portfolio Assessment System which is independently developed by this research; the control group uses the reflection of study sheet of the paper-type portfolil. Both groups adopt the same reflective strategies and subjects to discuss different experimental intervention. In addition, through analysis of content of the reflection, both groups assess the difference of reflective behave of students, so as to probe into the influence of using reflective mechanisms on self-regulated learning. Specific research outcomes of this research are as follows:
1.The overall degree of satisfaction of the 6 online reflective mechanisms is satisfactory and the ease of use is better than the usefulness. Among them, the ease of use, usefulness and overall degree of satisfaction of the observation and study mechanisms finally win the trusts of students from the experimental group.

2.The overall performance of self-regulated learning which uses reflective mechanisms is better than that of reflection of paper-type portfolio. Among the dimensions, task value has the best influence effect. Others are self-judgment and self-efficacy (according to the sequence). These are all significantly better than reflection of the paper-type portfolio. The quality of reflection which uses reflective mechanisms is also significantly better than that of the paper-type portfolio.

3.After using the reflective mechanisms, the students' overall performance of self-regulated learning is better than that before using the reflective mechanisms. This shows that the reflective mechanisms have significant and positive facilitating effects on self-regulated learning. Among the dimensions, the self-observation has the best influence effect. Others are self-judgment, task value and self-reaction (according to the sequence). All these are significantly better than that before the reflection. The using of reflective mechanisms can facilitate students' grasp of content of the reflection.

4.Reflections which use reflective mechanisms are significantly better than the reflection of the paper-type portfolio in terms of the self-judgment of the self-established objective reference and teacher’s reference. In addition, after using reflective mechanisms, concerned persons’ self-judgment of self-established objective reference has the best influence. The self-reaction demonstrates study with flexibility and has significant facilitating effects.

5.After using the reflective mechanisms, students' overall performance of self-regulated learning can be facilitated more easily when the demonstration level of the reflection is higher. Among the overall dimension, students with in-depth reflection have the best influence effect of self-observation. Others are self-judgment, test anxiety and self-reaction (according to the sequence). These all have significant and positive influence and are better than the reflection performance of students with reflection and without reflection.

6.The key points for facilitating the self overall study of students with in-depth reflection of the reflective demonstration are the promotions of self-observation and self-judgment. In addition, the self-judgment of teacher’s reference and self-established objective reference of students with in-depth reflection is better than that of students with reflection and without reflection.

7.Students with in-depth reflection of the reflective demonstration can easily come across test anxiety. Students without reflection can easily come across defensive study. Students with high degree of satisfaction of the reflective mechanisms can easily facilitate the task value.

8.Students with high degree of satisfaction of the overall reflective mechanisms are better than students with low degree of satisfaction in terms of self-regulated learning. This shows that the reflective mechanisms have positive helps on self-regulated learning. Self-judgment has the best influence effect. Others are task value, self-observation and self-efficacy.

9.The degree of satisfaction of the 6 reflective mechanisms has positive helps to the self-regulated learning. The degree of satisfaction of reflective mechanisms is the key for facilitating the self-regulated learning and could be influenced by the reflective behave.

並列關鍵字

Web-Based Portfolio Assessment System ； Reflective Mechanisms ； Reflective Behave ； Self-Regulated Learning ； Satisfaction of Mechanisms

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