探討音樂治療對於青少年憂鬱症狀及自殺行為之改善成效

The Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents

林柔廷(Rou-Ting Lin)

指導教授 ： 張秀如

臺北醫學大學/護理學院/護理學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2010.00115

摘要

研究目的︰本研究為探討團體音樂治療對改善青少年憂鬱症狀、自殺行為、認知三元素及焦慮症狀的成效，另外探討團體音樂治療結合漸進式肌肉放鬆法對改善青少年心率變異指標的成效。
研究方法︰本研究採實驗法研究設計，以台北市某公立高中學生為研究對象，先以問卷篩選，將符合自殺或憂鬱症狀的高危險群學生隨機分派為實驗組及控制組，實驗組给與音樂團體治療介入，控制組則僅維持一般學校常規處理。音樂治療方案結束後，再施於後測，比較實驗組於音樂治療後的成效，並與控制組作症狀改善程度上差異的比較。
結果︰本研究對象共38名，實驗組14名，控制組24名。實驗組於介入音樂團體治療後，生命態度量表(LAS-C)及其次量表、兒童憂鬱量表(CDI)及貝克焦慮量表(BAI)分數皆有顯著的下降，兒童認知三元素量表則有顯著的上升(CTI-C)；實驗組在各量表得分亦較控制組改善，兩組間有顯著差異(p＜0.05)。音樂治療結合漸進式肌肉放鬆療法在心率變異LF指標及LF/HF比例有顯著下降(p＜0.05)，在HF指標則有顯著上升(p＜0.05)。
結論︰音樂團體治療有助於改善青少年的憂鬱症狀、自殺行為、認知三元素及焦慮；選擇和緩的音樂結合治療師口頭指導的漸進式肌肉放鬆法能有效幫助生理上達到放鬆的效果。建議學校可設計音樂團體於具有憂鬱傾向及自殺傾向之青少年，不僅僅可有效改善青少年的情緒、降低青少年自殺風險，更能協助青少年於日常生活中降低壓力的感受。

關鍵字

音樂治療 ； 青少年 ； 憂鬱症狀 ； 自殺行為

並列摘要

Purpose: This study was aimed to explore how music therapy would benefit the depressive symptoms, suicide bahavior, the cognitive triad of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, this study also explores how group music therapy featuring progressive muscle relaxation method would help adolescents improve HRV index (heart rate variability).
Method: A experimental research design was used in this study. Students subjects were recruited from a Taipei-city public high school. After questionnaire screening was conducted, the students meeting the definition of high risk group of suicide or depression were randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. Music group therapeutic intervention was conducted in the experimental group. Students in the control group only received regular school routines. After music therapy project ended, post-tests were conducted to compare how experimental group would benefit from music group therapeutic intervention and also to compare symptom improvement differences between experimental and control groups.
Results: This study included 38 subjectss in total with 14 students in the experimental group and 24 one in the control. After music group therapy intervention had been applied on the experimental group, the scores of the Life Attitude Scale (LAS), and its subscales, Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) dropped significantly and the scores of the cognitive triad for Children (CTI-C) increased significantly. The scores of each scale of the experimental group are all better than those in the control group (p＜0.05). Music therapy featuring progressive muscle relaxation method has surly contributed to significant reductions in heart rate variability(HRV), LF indicator, and ratio between LF/HF (p＜0.05) and significant increase in HF indicator (p＜0.05).
Conclusions: Music group therapy can benefit depressive symptoms, suicide behavior, cognitive triad and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with depression and suicide risk. Physiological relaxation can really be achieved by selection of soft music featuring progressive muscle relaxation method instructed orally by therapist. It is hereby suggested that music group therapy shall be offered for adolescents suffering the tendency of depression and suicide in school so as to not only help adolescents improve emotional problems, reduce suicide risk but also assist adolescents in reducing perceived stress confronted during daily life.

並列關鍵字

Music Therapy ； Adolescents ； Depressive symptoms ； Suicidal Behaviors

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