台越跨國婚姻仲介過程的性別政治

本論文透過仲介業者及男、女三方的經驗訴說，重新建構跨國婚姻仲介過程的樣貌，並探討其中權力關係的運作，以及身體和性別政治。本研究發現，仲介並非中立、客觀的媒介者，「速食婚姻」的表面下，其實潛藏著仲介利益導向操作所造成的影響，且嚴重危及婚姻當事人的權益。越南女性在進入仲介組織後，必須容忍惡劣的生活環境，甚至須分擔家務勞動，更因身體資本或所屬省份的結婚法規之不同，而有不等的相親機會。此外，相親時眾多的競爭者，使得獲選更加困難，若未能成功出嫁，還必須負擔食宿的費用。總總的壓力，都造成急欲改善經濟情況的女性選擇迅速出嫁。而總是被形構為「大男人」的跨國娶妻之男性，其實在面對看似「皇帝選妃」的相親現場，往往因為資訊有限、選擇過多而難以決定。「跑一個，賠一個」的「售後服務」，也容易讓人忽略男性面臨「逃妻」的心酸。這些多為農工階級的男性，並需背負跨國婚姻的污名，而經濟、階級的弱勢帶來的挫敗，更使得這些男性通常僅能透過對女性的性展示男性的支配。但一旦支配的權力鬆動，恐懼隨之而來。仲介商品化的操作手法，常被誤認為男性花錢購買妻子。其實男性對妻子的佔有與支配，反映父權體制對於女性的壓迫。也就是說，父權更加合理化仲介在資本主義下的操作方式，父權和資本是相互合作的，因此我強調仲介式的跨國婚姻仍保有親屬關係的締結，並非「買賣婚姻」。此外，「聘金」的意義在跨國婚姻中並沒有改變，只是付出的金額是經過仲介精密的利益推算。最後，我贊同仲介有其服務的角色，但是若以整體的仲介過程觀之，我們仍無法否認婚姻仲介的操作是高度性別化的，且存在許多剝削的機制。

關鍵字

性別；商品化；跨國婚姻；婚姻仲介；性；陽剛氣質

並列摘要

The thesis examines the experiences of Taiwanese men and Vietnamese women in the matchmaking’s process. The thesis aims to analyze body, gender politics and power relations in the process. I argue that the matchmakers are not just neutral or objective ones. Since the purpose of matchmaking agencies is for profit earning, it seriously damages the Vietnamese women’s rights. The Vietnamese women suffered from poor living environment, sharing household duties in the matchmaker’s house, and had unequal opportunities to meet Taiwanese men according to their body capitals and differentiated marriage laws of different provinces. Moreover, there were too many Vietnamese women but few Taiwanese men, so it’s difficult to match successfully. If the woman failed all the time, she needed to pay money in return to the matchmaker. Under those pressure, women always choose to marry as soon as possible, leaving little space for choosing a preferred husband. The image of men in the transnational marriage always to be represented as very masculine, but people often ignore men’s frustration in those processes. It seems good for men that they could choose among so many women, but they eventually found out that it was not easy to make decisions with little information. Besides , they were also hurt by their wives “running away”. These men were mostly blue classes, and they may not afford the stigma of marrying a foreign wife. Moreover, they faced frustrations from their economic situations, so they might display men’s power to their wives through sex. But if they lost control over their wife’s sexuality, feelings of fear and failure damages their self-esteem . The commercial operations of matchmaking do not mean “buying a wife”. patriarchal values rationalizes the market operations. Patriarchy and Capitalism intersected to shape Taiwanese men and Vietnamese women’s experiences in the matchmaking processes. Finally, I argue that matchmakers indeed to supply services, if we examine the whole processes of matchmaking, we still could not deny that the designs of the matchmaking rules are full of exploitation.