園藝治療於長期照護機構老年住民日常生活功能、幸福感、生命意義、及人際互動之成效

Effects of the Horticulture Therapy on Activities of Daily Living, Happiness, Meaning of Life,and Interpersonal Intimacy Among Older Residents in Long-term Care Facilities

姚雅方(Ya-Fang Yao)

指導教授 ： 陳桂敏

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2015.00010

摘要

背景：致力改善長期照護機構老年住民身心功能是我們長久以來努力的目標，園藝治療是被頻繁使用的活動之一。
目的：本研究旨在測試園藝治療於機構老年住民日常生活功能、幸福感、生命意義及人際互動之應用成效。
方法：採類實驗法，以方便取樣，選取台南、屏東居住於長期照護機構三個月以上無心智缺損且無視覺或聽覺功能受損之65歲以上老年住民，並排除精神疾患、絕對臥床和雙手攣縮無法自主控制者。共收案85人，實驗組41人，對照組44人，實驗組進行8週、每週一次、每次一小時之園藝治療課程，對照組則維持機構原有之活動，兩組於實驗介入前進行前測、並於8月實驗結束後進行後測。日常生活功能由巴氏量表(Barthel Index)測量，幸福感以中國人幸福感量表(極短版)(Chinese happiness Inventory)測量，生命意義採生命意義感量表(Meaning of life)測量，最後，人際互動則以人際親密量表(Interpersonal intimacy scale)測量。研究資料以SPSS 20 版套裝軟體進行描述性統計、卡方檢定、配對t檢定以及ANCOVA檢定分析。
結果：參與8週園藝治療之機構老年住民在日常生活功能、幸福感、生命意義及人際互動較治療前有顯著進步(p < .05)。在控制前測值資料後，實驗組較對照組之日常生活功能、幸福感及人際互動後測顯著優於對照組(p < .001)，生命意義則未達顯著差異(p = .738)。
討論：建議長期照護機構培養專業園藝治療人才，並納入機構常規活動規劃，以期提升機構老年住民日常生活功能、幸福感及人際互動關係。此外，建議護理照護領域納入多元化園藝治療課程，期待成為護理創新、獨特性意涵之代表。
關鍵字:園藝治療、長期照護機構、老年住民、日常生活功能、幸福感、生命意義、人際互動

關鍵字

園藝治療 ； 長期照護機構 ； 老年住民 ； 日常生活功能 ； 幸福感 ； 生命意義 ； 人際互動

並列摘要

Abstract
Background: Efforts had been tried to improve the physical and psychosocial function of the older adults who live in the long-term care facilities. The horticulture therapy was one of the activities frequently used.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of horticulture therapy ondaily living function, happiness, meaning of life, and interpersonal intimacy in older adults who lived in the long-term care facilities.
Methods: Eighty-five older adults aged 65 to 99 years who live in the long-term care facilities in Tainan and Pintung were recruited conveniently. Those who had bed-ridden, contracture of upper limbs, psychiatric disease, or mental/hearing/visual impairment were excluded. All of the participants completed the study: experimental group (n = 41) and control group (n = 44). The experimental group received horticulture therapy one hour each time and once a week for 8 weeks while the control group maintained their routine daily activities. The following questionnaires were tested before and after the intervention period: 1) Barthel Index (BI), 2) Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI), 3) Meaning of Life Scale (MLS), and 4) Interpersonal Intimacy Scale (IPIS). The pre- and post-test data were compared with Chi-square test, paired t-test and ANCOVA test using SPSS 20 software package.
Results: The BI, CHI, MLS and IPIS scores significantly improved in the intervention group (p < .05). After 8 weeks of the horticulture therapy, the BI, CHI, and IPIS of the experimental group participants were significantly better than the control group participants(p < .05); however, no significant difference of MLS score between the two groups (p = .738).
Discussion:The horticulture therapy does improve the activities of daily living, happiness, and interpersonal intimacy of older adults in long-term care facilities. We recommend the long-term care facilitiesto recruit the professional horticultural therapy personnel and incorporate the therapy in routine daily activities of the facilities.
Key words: Horticulture therapy; Long-term care facilities;Older adults; Activities of daily living; Happiness; Meaning of life; Interpersonal intimacy

並列關鍵字

Horticulture therapy ； Long-term care facilities ； Older adults ； Activities of daily living ； Happiness ； Meaning of life ； Interpersonal intimacy

參考文獻

參考文獻

中文部分

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內政部(2013，10月29日)。99 年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析。2013年10月29日，取自http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/111171361171.pdf

內政部(2013，10月30日)。老人福利機構設立標準。2013年10月30日，取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/04/02/02_3.htm