睡眠剝奪對情緒反應之影響：情境效果的介入

The effects of sleep deprivation on emotional reactivity: the influence of context effects

蔣馨怡(Hsin-Yi Chiang)

指導教授 ： 蔡宇哲

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/心理學系碩士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

睡眠剝奪對認知功能有負面影響，但對情緒圖片評估的影響則結果不一致。對情緒刺激的評估會受先前或當下的感受所改變，即：情境效果（context effect）。過去相關研究常以隨機順序的方法來呈現情緒圖片，但此可能無法排除情境效果產生的混淆變項。本研究透過控制前張情緒圖片，探討在睡眠剝奪狀況下，情境效果對主觀情緒反應之影響，以及睡眠剝奪、情境效果與情緒反應是否與如何彼此影響。本研究採混合設計，將37位健康成年人隨機分派至睡眠正常組（n = 18）或睡眠剝奪組（n = 19）。正式實驗前，參與者先維持約一週正常作息，分別在一晚睡眠正常或剝奪後，於隔天早上進行情緒圖片評估作業。本研究從國際情緒圖片系統（International Affective Picture System, IAPS）中，挑選各48張的負向、中性和正向圖片，分別做為目標前（pre-target）圖片或目標（target）圖片，共產生9種配對（即：負—負、中、正；中—負、中、正；正—負、中、正）。以目標前圖片為情緒情境，並以自我評量人偶（Self-Assessment Manikin, SAM），對目標圖片進行正負向性和激發程度評估。研究結果顯示，相較於睡眠正常組，睡眠剝奪組對負向和中性目標圖片感到較不愉悅、對正向目標圖片感到較愉悅，激發感受程度則無顯著差異；且兩組受情境效果的影響無顯著差異。其次，以中性情境做基準，兩組受同化效果影響，在負向情境下，對負向目標圖片感到較不愉悅；受對比效果影響，在正向情境下，對負向和正向目標圖片感到較不愉悅；對中性目標圖片的愉悅感受，則不受情境效果影響。最後，兩組對正向目標圖片的激發感受程度，在負向情境較高、在正向情境較低；對負向和中性目標圖片的激發感受程度，皆不受情境效果影響。總結，睡眠剝奪後會透過自發性注意力和調節注意力資源，而對情緒圖片的主觀評估有放大反應；而情境效果對評估情緒圖片的影響，則與投入認知資源多寡以及情境與目標圖片的重疊高低有關。

關鍵字

國際情緒圖片系統 ； 動機 ； 同化效果 ； 對比效果

並列摘要

Objective: Sleep deprivation (SD) affects various cognitive performances negatively, but sleep loss has been found to have mixed results on the subjective evaluation of emotional stimuli. Our evaluation of event is influenced profoundly by the context which we encounter. It is generally assumed that any potentially confounding contextual effects are controlled by using a random presentation sequence. However, study shows that context effects might be revealed in random presentation sequence. In order to evaluate the effects of SD on the context effects and subjective evaluation of emotional stimuli, the present study also examined whether the subjective evaluation of a target stimuli is influenced by a preceding emotional stimuli.
Methods: The stimuli were 144 pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). To create an emotional context, a negative, indifferent or positive picture was preceded by three types of pictures, i.e., negative, indifferent and positive pictures, resulting in nine pairings. Thirty-seven participants were random assigned to the normal sleep (NS) (n = 18) or sleep deprivation (SD) group, and rated their valence and arousal responses to negative, indifferent and positive target pictures during the day following normal sleep (7-9 hrs / day) or one night total sleep deprivation. Participants were asked to judge their emotional reactions while viewing pictures by means of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM).
Results and Conclusions: The results indicated that SD participants perceived the negative and indifferent pictures more unpleasant, and positive picture more pleasant compared to NS participants. On the other hand, participants in both groups perceived negative target pictures more unpleasant after seeing a negative context (i.e., assimilation effect) and positive context (i.e., contrast effect) relative to indifferent context. Finally, participants in both groups perceived positive target pictures less pleasant and arousing after seeing a positive context (i.e., contrast effect) compared with indifferent context. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation impacts reactivity to emotional stimuli through automated attentional and self-regulatory processes, and contextual modulation affects subjective evaluation of emotional stimuli depends on the allocation of cognitive resources and overlap between the target’ range and the context’s range on the interpretation judgmental dimension.

並列關鍵字

International Affective Picture System (IAPS) ； motivation ； assimilation ； contrast

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