發展遲緩兒母親親職壓力、解釋型態及心理健康之相關研究

The Correlation among Parenting Stress, Explanatory Style, and Mental Health in Mothers of Children with Developmental Delay

鄭吉伶(Chi-Ling Cheng)

指導教授 ： 莊勝發

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/心理學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2015.00056

摘要

遲緩兒母親因兒童特有的照顧與教養問題，使其親職壓力高於一般兒童母親。過去研究發現，母親的認知因素與親職壓力及心理健康具有高度相關，而認知介入亦是親職訓練的重點之一。故本研究以解釋型態（explanatory style)，即個體對正負向事件發生之原因習慣的解釋傾向，作為認知評估的關鍵，探討母親在親職壓力適應扮演的角色。同時納入正負向心理狀態之觀點以探討正負向事件解釋型態與親職壓力、正負向心理健康之間的關係。研究採問卷法，受試者由醫師轉介後填寫親職壓力、母親歸因型態、憂鬱及心理健康量表-台灣短版。研究對象為1.5 ~ 5歲之間遲緩兒、自閉症及廣泛性發展疾患兒童之母親共78名。偏相關分析，發現在控制人口學變項與親職壓力之後，正向事件的個人與永久性解釋型態與憂鬱呈負相關；負向事件的個人性與正向心理狀態呈正相關，廣泛性解釋與正向心理狀態呈負相關。階層迴歸，正向事件永久性對憂鬱具預測力，負向事件個人性與廣泛性對正向心理健康具預測力。結果顯示，對尚未達到臨床關注的高親職壓力遲緩兒母親，對負向事件廣泛性解釋的修正，並增加其對正向事件的關注，對正向心理健康將會具有保護作用。

關鍵字

親職壓力 ； 解釋型態 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

Parenting stress in mothers of children with developmental delay is higher than typical mothers. Previous studies found maternal cognitive factors highly related to Parenting stress and mental health. This study focus on explanatory style, the individual’s habitual way to explain life events, as the cognitive appraisal to investigate its role in parenting stress adaptation. Also, the view of positive and negative mental function is incorporated to explore the relations between explanatory style, parenting stress, and mental health. 78 mothers of 1.5 to 5 year-olds with developmental delay, autism and pervasive developmental disorder were referred by physicians. Parenting Stress Index, Attributional Style Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Mental Health Continuum Short-Form were used. Partial Correlation showed with demographic variables and parenting stress controlled, explaining positive events as personal and permanent cause was negatively correlated with depressions; explaining negative events as pervasive cause was negatively correlated with positive mental health; and explaining negative events as personal cause was positively correlated with positive mental health. Hierarchical regression analysis showed the tendency to explain good event as permanent cause is a predictor of depression, the tendency to explain bad event as pervasive、personal were predictors of positive mental health . Even without depressive symptoms, mental function of most mothers is still affected by explanatory style in negative events. Explaining bad events other than pervasive cause, turning focus to positive events helps nurture positive mental health. Explanatory style is an important protective factor for the positive mental health in mothers with development delayed children.

並列關鍵字

parenting stress ； explanatory style ； mental health

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參考文獻