高中生自我身體意象及口腔保健行為相關性探討

中文摘要研究背景：16至18歲高中生恆齒已發育完成，這個時期口腔衛生習慣的養成，對於往後的口腔健康非常重要。若能利用年輕學子重視自己外表，想要提昇自己身體意象的特點，讓他們能同時注重潔牙，增進其口腔健康，將會是在作口腔衛生教育時一個很好的著力點。研究目的：調查高中生人口學變項與身體意象及口腔保健行為狀況之關係，並探討高中生身體意象與牙菌班指數及口腔保健行為與狀況之關係、瞭解影響高中生口腔清潔之影響因素。材料與方法：台北縣某一高中學生1-3年級，年紀為16-18歲的男女生抽樣，作為研究樣本，填寫問卷有764人，口腔檢查有459人（因學校課程安排）。設計製作台北縣高中生口腔健康調查問卷，以自填式問卷進行量化資料的蒐集。聘請專業牙醫師依照高雄醫學大學口腔醫學院設計台灣地區口腔檢查表，檢查齲齒狀況及牙菌斑指數。以SAS、JMP等統計軟體進行資料整理及統計分析。研究結果：在所有受檢者中，DMFT指數平均為4.93±3.75顆，男生比女生有較低的DMFT指數。DMFT指數隨年級之增長而增高。男生的牙菌斑指數皆較女生來的高。男生在外表評價與身體各部分滿意度分數皆顯著高於女生，女生則在外表取向與對過重看法分數較高。在對自己牙齒滿意度的部分，男女生都持中等滿意度。在刷牙習慣中絕大部分70.66％學生只有早晚刷牙習慣。但餐後有刷牙者，DMFT指數比餐後沒刷牙者低。而刷牙方法中以使用橫擦法比率偏高。在刷牙動機的調查中（複選），共設計六個選項，其中三個是功能性的動機：防止口腔蛀牙、預防牙齒疼痛和避免裝假牙；另三個是身體意象性的動機：避免口臭、喜歡牙齒看起來乾淨和讓牙齒看起來很好。在全部有效問卷中，以避免口臭的動機最多，佔84.55%。在男女生刷牙動機的比較上，女生在身體意象性刷牙動機都顯著高於男性，顯示女生因外表形象的因素而刷牙的動機強於男生，男生則相對較女生務實（避免裝假牙）。身體意象也明顯與學生的刷牙動機相關，例如，因三項身體意象性動機而刷牙的學生中，外表取向的分數都明顯高於非因此三項動機而刷牙者（P值皆<0.0001）。結論：身體意象是影響高中女生口腔衛生習慣的重要因子之一，顯然是優於男性的。在釐清身體意象對男女高中生口腔健康的影響後，掌握推廣口腔衛生保健的關鍵因素，在改進高中生口腔衛生教育中，是一項很重要的參考資料。關鍵字：青少年、齲齒指數、身體意象

關鍵字

青少年；齲齒指數；身體意象

並列摘要

Abstract Background: The development of the permanent teeth of senior high school students is completed before age 16-18. The development of oral hygiene habits during one’s high school years will tend to remaining for his or her future life. Applying the desirable perceived characteristics of appearance and body image enhancement that senior high school students value to the improvement of senior high school student awareness of both teeth cleaning and oral health will be a good point of action for carrying out oral hygiene education. Study Objectives: To survey among senior high school students the relationship between demographic variables, body image, and oral health behaviors and situations, discuss the relationship between body image, plaque index, and oral health behaviors and situations, and understand factors that affect oral cleanness. Methods: The study participants are students aged 16-18 of grades 1-3 of a senior high school in Taipei County. There were 764 students responded to the questionnaire and 459 students received an oral checkup via their curriculum. The self-reported Oral Health Survey Questionnaire for Senior High School Students in Taipei County was designed and conducted to collect quantitative data. Professional dentists were hired to check the caries condition and the plaque index in accordance with the Oral Checkup List for Use in Taiwan designed by the Graduate Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University. The statistical softwares, SAS and JMP, were used for data management and statistical analysis. Results: The average DMFT index of all respondents was 4.93±3.75, and the DMFT indices of boys were lower than those of girls. The DMFT index increased along with the grade. All male student plaque indices were greater than that of girls. All the points on items “appearance appraisement” and “body satisfaction” received by male students were significantly greater than those received by girls. However, girls received higher points on items “appearance orientation” and “opinions about being overweight”. Both boys and girls held mid-level satisfaction with their teeth. Most of the students, 70.66%, brushed their teeth only in the morning and at night. Nevertheless, the DMFT indices of students that brushed teeth after meals were lower than those of students that did not. The use rate of the horizontal scrub method was higher. In the survey of motivation for brushing, there were six items (multiple-choice selection). Three of them were functional motivations: to prevent dental caries, prevent toothache, and avoid dentures. The other three motivations were about body image: prevention of halitosis, liking to make teeth look clean, and making teeth looks very good. The motivation of “prevent halitosis” was 84.55%. In the comparison of male and female student motivations for tooth-brushing, it was found that the proportion of female student “body image” motivation for tooth-brushing was higher than that of boys. It showed that girls’ motivation for brushing teeth for appearance image was stronger than that for boys, and male students were more pragmatic (avoid dentures) than girls. The study revealed that body image was significantly relevant to student motivation for tooth-brushing. For example, points on item “appearance orientation” received by students that brushed their teeth out of the three body image motivations were significantly greater than those received by students that brushed their teeth not out of the three body image motivations (all p values < 0.0001). Conclusions: Body image is one of the most important factors that affect the oral hygiene habits of senior high school girls. Body image also has an influence more on girls than boys. After clarifying the influence of body image on the oral health of senior high school students, controlling the factors that are critical in promoting oral hygiene education provides important information for healthcare professionals working with high school adolescents. Keywords: adolescent, caries index, body image