延伸計畫行為理論於青少年安全性行為意向模式之建構

A study of Safe Sexual Behaviors Intention among Adolescents–The Construction on Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

曾櫻花(Ying-Hua Tseng)

指導教授 ： 周汎澔

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00074

摘要

險性行為對青少年造成許多負面影響，尤其是非預期懷孕、性傳染病與愛滋病等。減少危險性行為即是促進安全性行為，許多研究均發現延伸計畫行為理論(Extended TPB model)能有效地預測安全性行為，尤其增加外在變項可增加其預測效度。綜合文獻查證及上一階段的焦點團體訪談研究--”青少年接觸網路色情之經驗探討”的分析結果，歸納出親子性溝通、同儕性話題互動與接觸色情媒體經驗等為安全性行為之重要影響因素，將其設定為TPB外在變項。
本研究為橫斷性、調查性研究，於南台灣兩所高中與一所科技大學收案，有效樣本443人。研究工具於計畫行為理論的內在變項部分，翻譯自Turchik與Gidycz (2012)發展之問卷，外在變項量表則參考國內學者的問卷。統計方法分別使用SPSS for Windows 18.0 程式進行描述性統計與推論性統計；以Amos 22.0版統計軟體對理論模式進行評量分析，測試「接觸色情媒體經驗」、「同儕性話題互動」與「親子性溝通」等三個外在變項，與計畫行為理論之內在變項間的影響路徑與數值，及其對青少年安全性行為意向之影響力，做整體適配度分析。
研究發現於TPB外在變項部分，研究對象的親子性溝通為中下程度，同儕性話題互動為中上程度，接觸色情媒體經驗為低程度。女生的安全性行為觀念比男生好，男生偶遇性交的傾向較女生高。延伸計畫行為理論對七種安全性行為意向模式的解釋變異量為46.5%- 62.5%，以偶遇性交行為意向模式的解釋變異量最高。與親密伴侶的安全性行為意向模式中，TPB內在變項主觀規範與知覺行為控制對使用避孕措施、保險套與雙重保護等行為意向，均有直接正向影響，其中以知覺行為控制的影響力最大。TPB外在變項中，同儕性話題互動對使用避孕措施與雙重保護行為意向均有直接的負向效果，接觸色情媒體經驗則透過主觀規範與知覺行為控制有間接的顯著負向影響。
對偶遇性交的行為意向模式，態度與主觀規範正向影響偶遇性交行為意向，避免偶遇性交的知覺行為控制是負向影響，以知覺行為控制的影響力最大。同儕性話題互動與接觸色情媒體經驗對偶遇性交行為意向均透過TPB內在變項有間接正向影響。與偶遇對象的安全性行為意向模式中，只有主觀規範與知覺行為控制有直接正向影響，亦以知覺行為控制的影響力最大，TPB外在變項均無顯著影響。
本研究結果可預測青少年安全性行為意向的重要影響因素，提供教學、輔導、臨床實務及未來介入研究之參考。

關鍵字

安全性行為 ； 青少年 ； 延伸計畫行為理論

並列摘要

Sexual risk behaviors can lead to a number of negative health consequences in adolescents, such as unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, and AIDS. To reduce sexual risk behaviors is equal to promote safe sexual behaviors. The extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) has shown to be effective in predicting safe sexual behavior. Especially, the predictive validity of the extended TPB can be increased when additional variables are included. Researcher integrated literature review and previous focus group study--Experience and Perception of internet pornography among teenagers. We concluded that there are three external variables: pornography exposure experience, peer interaction related to sexual issues, and parent-child communication about sex.
This study was a cross sectional survey. We recruited 443 participants from two senior high schools and one university in Southern Taiwan. The instrument included internal and external variables of TPB. The internal variables measurement was translated from questionnaire of Turchik & Gidycz (2012), the external variables was measured by Taiwan scholar’s questionnaire. Two software packages were utilized in this study, SPSS 18.0 for descriptive and inferential Statistics and Amos 22.0 software in testing the path analysis, casual relationship and the sufficiency of extended TPB models.
The results showed that parent-child communication about sex was below average, peer interaction related to sexual issues was above average, and the level of pornography exposure experience was low. Girls’ safe sex cognition was better than boys, and boys had higher intention to have casual sex. The explained variance of seven safe sex behavior intention was between 46.5% and 62.5%., in which the casual sex model was the highest.
For the safe sex behavior with intimate partner, subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) have a direct positive effect on behavioral intention (BI) of contraception, condom and dual use, in which, the influence of PBC was the highest. Peer interaction related to sexual issues had the direct negative effect on BI of contraception and dual use. Pornography exposure experience had the indirect negative effects on BI of contraception through SN and PBC.
For the casual sex, attitude and SN have positive effect on BI, however, PBC of preventing casual sex had negative effect. Additionally, the influence of PBC has the biggest effect. Both peer interactions related to sexual issues and pornography exposure experience have indirect influence on BI of casual sex. For the safe sex behavior with casual partner, SN and PBC have direct positive effect on BI of contraception, condom and dual use, in which the influence of PBC was the highest. The external variables of TPB had no significant influence on BI.
The finding of this study can predict safer sex intentions of young people, providing education, counseling, clinical practice and future reference for intervention studies.

並列關鍵字

Safe Sexual Behavior ； Adolescents ； Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

參考文獻

內政部(2014) •育齡婦女生育率•取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm

內政部家庭暴力與性侵害防治委員會（2012）•101年度性侵害犯罪事件通報統計•取自http://dspc.moi.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=2994&ctNode=951&mp=7

內政部統計處(2014)•內政統計年報•取自http://www.moi.gov.tw

/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=8270&page=0

古易儒(2001)•高職學生性態度之研究—以台南地區為例(未發表的碩士論文)•台南市：成功大學。