在集體行動之外：林美瑢的社會運動策略

Other than Collective Action: Mei-Jung, Lin's Social Movement Strategy and Tactics

吳冠儀(Kuan-Yi Wu)

指導教授 ： 成令方

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/性別研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00101

摘要

台灣社會在1970到1990年代經歷風起雲湧的社會運動時期，這段期間多數社會運動都受到認同政治的影響，例如以階級認同為號召的勞工運動、以性別為號召的婦女運動、以原住民認同為號召的還我土地運動等。其中關於勞工運動的學術論述除了以個別抗爭事件做為研究場域之外，亦不乏運動份子的生命敘說，然而這些研究多數著重在團體行動的抗爭事件上，很少呈現其他組織基層勞工的方式，而在婦女運動的相關研究上更集中於呈現一種中產階級式、學院式、立法倡議式的社會運動模式，未見其他運動模式的可能性。

本研究從一位長期關懷弱勢基層人民的女性－林美瑢的生命故事出發，透過數次深度訪談來建構她的口述史，藉此呈現1985年之後的漁工、女工的勞動環境與面臨的困難，以及林美瑢所採用以意識教育為主的運動策略及其重要性。透過林美瑢的口述史中可以發現，意識教育對於勞工運動中的重要性以及階級與性別產生的交織壓迫不只出現於現實生活的場域中，更在社會運動場域裡凸顯出來。

透過意識教育的方式做為奠定未來可能發展勞工運動、婦女運動的基礎，現有關於台灣勞工運動的文獻中，多是在集體抗爭的框架下進行抵抗的模式，本文要闡明意識教育的重要，社會運動並非一朝一夕就可以達成目標的，過程中是需要發展的，意識教育啟發漁工、女工的勞動意識，透過改變每一個個體的思想，未來才有可能改變社會，但要能夠改變社會需要很多可能的條件或是機會的配合，就算沒有促發具體的改革，也應該看見之前進行意識教育累積的貢獻。

關鍵字

意識覺醒 ； 社會運動 ； 工運 ； 漁工 ； 女工

並列摘要

Taiwanese society had experienced a thriving age of social movements during the 1970s to the 1990s.Most of the social movements during that period were under influences of politics of identity such as labor movements that focused on working-class issues, women’s movements that focused on gender issues, aboriginal land movement that focused on identity of the aboriginals, and so on. As for the academic discourses around labor movements, there are studies exploring individual strikes as well as life-narrative of activists; however, most of these studies describe strikes that are based on collective actions. Possibilities of the way in which labors can be organized are rarely explored. As for the studies on women’s movements, most of them represent a middle-class, academic, and advocacy-oriented social movement strategy. Possibilities of different ways to participate in movements are seldom discussed.

This study begins with the life story of Mei-Jung Lin, a woman who has been working with the underprivileged for decades. The researcher conducted several in-depth interviews to complete an oral history of her work with fishermen and female laborers. The oral history shows difficulties she encountered while working with the underprivileged, and demonstrates Lin’s usage of consciousness-raising as her social movement strategy. It is revealed that consciousness-raising plays an important part in labor movement, and the oppressions coming from gender and class do not only appear in everyday life but also emerges in the fields of social movements.

Consciousness-raising can be utilized as a basis for developing labor movements and women’s movements. Among the existing literature on labor movements in Taiwan, most of them focus on and explore the strategies of resistance under the framework of collective action. This study explicates the importance of consciousness-raising because social movement is a long-term process as well as a developing process. Only through transforming each individual’s way of thinking will it be possible to transform the society. It is without doubt that many conditions have to be met before a real transform can be made; however, it is also important to recognize the contributions of consciousness-raising.

並列關鍵字

consciousness-raising ； social movement ； labor movement ； fisherman ； female laborer

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