屏東縣牡丹鄉居民檳榔菸酒使用之追縱研究

中文摘要研究背景:嚼食檳榔、吸菸、飲酒造成的危害是現代社會的重要健康問題，根據李秀玉於民國87年針對屏東縣牡丹鄉的研究調查發現，嚼食檳榔、抽菸、喝酒的比例分別為91.2%、32.0%、69.2%，盛行率遠高於台灣其他地區，且過去的研究中，較少有針對某一特定地區的追蹤調查。研究目的:一、調查牡丹鄉地區檳榔、菸、酒使用情形。二、依性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度及職業比較檳榔、菸、酒使用之情形。三、探討民國91年及95年間居民使用檳榔、菸、酒之差異。研究方法:研究設計是以屏東縣牡丹鄉年滿18歲(含)以上的居民並設有戶籍者為調查對象，採分層二階段集束抽樣調查法。先自鄉內選出三個村里(石門、牡丹、東源)，再以等比隨機抽樣方式抽選人。為使各村里之各性別年齡層內部有足夠的樣本搭配計算加權數。最後所收集之有效問卷91年共204人，95年共168人經加權後共179人。該資料是以問卷至家戶面訪方式蒐集。研究結果:(1) 91年的調查發現:曾有、現有嚼食習慣:56.80%、52.91%；曾有、現有吸菸習慣:33.36%、32.24%；曾有飲酒習慣:63.40%。(2) 95年的調查發現:曾有、現有嚼食習慣71.42%、59.99%；曾有、現有吸菸習慣39.74%、33.46%；曾有飲酒習慣:72.34%。(3) 91年及95年居民這幾年使用檳榔、菸、酒的情形無明顯變化，但95年現仍嚼食檳榔和吸菸的年輕族群(18-34歲)和高學歷者的比例和每日吸、食數量卻都增加，嚐試戒食檳榔與戒菸的比例則不分年齡層皆增加。另外，與吸菸行為改變的重要因素，91年原本沒抽95年變有抽與性別(男性)、年齡層(50歲以下)、婚姻狀況(已婚)有顯著相關；91年有抽95年仍有抽與性別(男性)有顯著相關。結論與建議:本研究發現使用檳榔、菸、酒的高危險群以:男性、35-49歲、國(初)中學歷、技術性工人為主。整體而言，居民91年及95年使用檳榔、菸、酒無明顯變化。另外欲戒食檳榔、戒菸的比例則不分年齡層皆增加，但現有嚼食檳榔和吸菸習慣的年輕族群及高學歷者的比例及每日吸、食數量卻增加，值得警愓。與吸菸行為改變的重要因素，從91年沒有抽菸95年有吸菸的情形來看，男性、50歲以下、已婚是促成吸菸行為的重要因素，91年有抽菸95年仍有抽的情形來看，男性是吸菸行為持續的重要因素。建議:(1)檳榔、菸、酒防制宣導工作可同步進行。(2)戒斷、減量計劃之實施應全面性，勿忽略非高危險群。(3)基本防治工作應全面性的結合，結合政府、學校、醫療團隊、社區。(4)深入山區定期作口檢及衛教工作。關鍵字：檳榔、菸、酒

關鍵字

檳榔；菸；酒

並列摘要

Abstract Study Background: Betel quid chewing, use of tobacco (cigarette smoking) and consumption of alcohol constitute severe health problems in modern society. This study in Mudan Township, Pingtung County, in southern Taiwan showed that the proportions of betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were 91.2%, 32.0% and 69.2% respectively and the prevailing rate was much higher than that in other places of Taiwan (Lee, Hsiu-Yu, 1998). In prior studies, there were less track surveys on a particular area. Study Purposes: (1) To survey the use of betel quid, cigarettes and alcohol in Mudan Township; (2) to compare the use of these substances in Mudan Township by gender, age, marital status, educational background, and occupation and; (3) to discuss the differences among Mudan Township citizens in such use in 2002 and 2006. Study Methods: The survey subjects were Mudan township citizens aged above eighteen with the household registered in the township. The sampling method was stratified, 2-stage cluster sampling. First, three Mudan township villages, Shihmen, Mudan, and Tungyuan, were sampled. Then, the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling was used to select citizens. Those methods were applied in order to sample sufficiently in various categories of gender and age for weight calculation. The number of effective questionnaire respondents was 204 in 2002 and 168 in 2006, which was reduced to 179 after the weighting process. The information was collected via questionnaire or household interview. Study Results: 1.) In the survey of 2002: 56.80% had used (at least once) [editor’s note-I am not sure if this is what you mean, but I do not understand your use of the word kept here] and 52.91% were maintaining the habit of betel quid chewing. 33.36% had used and 32.24% continued the habit of cigarette smoking. 63.40% had used alcohol. 2.) In the survey of 2006: 71.42% had kept and 59.99% were keeping the habit of betel quid chewing. 39.74% had kept and 33.46% were keeping the habit of cigarette smoking. 72.34% had kept the habit of alcohol drinking. 3.) The villagers’ use of betel quid, cigarettes and alcohol did not vary significantly in 2002 and 2006. However, the proportions of young villagers (aged 18-34) and high-education-degree villagers that still chewed betel quid or smoked in 2006 increased. Moreover, the proportion of villagers that tried to quit betel quid chewing or cigarette smoking increased in every category of age. The major effect of the change of smoking behaviors (those not smoking in 2002; those smoking in 2006) had significant difference with sex (male), age group (<50 y/o), and marital status (married). Smoking in 2002 and 2006 reflected significant difference with sex (male). Conclusions and Recommendations: It was found in this study that the high-risk group of users of any of betel quid, cigarettes or alcohol was principally composed of skilled male workers that were 35-49 years old and junior high level educated. Generally, the villagers’ use of betel quid, cigarettes or alcohol in 2002 was not different from that in 2006.Nevertheless, the number of betel quid chewers tended to slide drastically in comparison with that of the results of Lee and Hsiu-Yu’s study (1998). Additionally, it is worth mentioning that though the number of those who would like to quit betel quid chewing or cigarette smoking increased, the proportions of young villagers and high-education-degree villagers that chewed betel quid or smoked increased. In addition, the augmenting amount of their betel quid chewing or cigarette smoking is notable. The major effect the change of smoking behaviors (not smoking in 2002; smoking in 2006) had significant differences amongst males, <50 y/o and those married. Smoking in 2002 and 2006 had significant difference with sex (male). The current study implies the following: 1.) the control promotions on betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking can be developed and integrated simultaneously; 2.) the implementation of both the withdrawal and reduction programs should be integrated without neglecting the high-risk group; 3.) the basic control work should be combined with projects of the government, school, medical team, and community; 4.) oral checkup and oral hygiene work should be carried out in the mountains regularly and exactly. Keywords: betel quid, cigarette, alcohol