心臟病患者的自我效能及自覺阻礙與身體活動量之關係

The Associations between Self-efficacy and Perceived Barriers and Physical Activity in Patients with Heart Disease

林少夫(Shao-Fu Lin)

指導教授 ： 朱奕華

高雄醫學大學/醫學院/運動醫學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

目的：調查心臟病患者的自我效能及自覺阻礙與身體活動量之關係。
方法：採用72名心臟病患者，作為期12週的追蹤，針對第0週及第12週做問卷調查。採用多面向運動自我效能問卷調查受試者的任務效能、因應效能及排程效能；運動行為調查使用七日身體活動量回憶問卷評估中度至劇烈身體活動（MVPA）的運動時間、運動頻率和運動能量消耗；以及調查心臟病患的運動自覺阻礙。分析自我效能、自覺運動阻礙與運動行為之相關性，以及自我效能對運動行為的預測效果。
結果：(一)發現第0週的自我效能與第0週運動行為有相關性：
(1)任務效能與運動時間及運動能量消耗呈顯著正相關。
(2)因應效能與運動時間、運動能量消耗及運動頻率呈顯著正相關。
(3)排程效能與運動時間、運動能量消耗及運動頻率呈顯著正相關。
(二)第0週的自我效能與第12週的運動行為有相關性：
(1)排程效能與運動時間及運動能量消耗呈顯著正相關。
(2)任務效能及因應效能與第12週時的運動行為皆無顯著相關。
(三)預測效果以複迴歸分析結果：
(1)第0週時，僅有排程效能可以顯著的預測第0週的運動時間、運動能量消耗及運動頻率，任務效能及因應效能皆無法預測第0週的運動行為。
(2)第0週的排程效能亦可顯著地預測第12週之運動時間、運動能量消耗及運動頻率。
(3)任務效能也可顯著的預測第12週的運動時間及運動能量消耗。
(四)運動自覺阻礙結果歸納為「天氣」、「生病」、「沒時間」為主要及次要運動自覺阻礙因素的前三名中之項目。
結論：(一)本研究的結果顯示排程效能最能有效的預測三種運動行為(運動時間、運動能量消耗、運動頻率)。
(二)本研究的心臟病患者最主要的運動阻礙為「天氣」、「生病」及「沒時間」。
(三)建議未來鼓勵心臟病患者運動時，除了提供運動處方外，應加入提升排程效能的方法，以及幫助患者克服運動阻礙的方法，以期能有效的提高這個族群的運動參與率。

關鍵字

身體活動 ； 自我效能 ； 自覺阻礙 ； 心臟病

並列摘要

Purpose: To examine the relationships between self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and physical activity in patients with coronary heart disease.
Methods: Seventy-two coronary heart disease patients were recruited and followed for twelve weeks. All participants completed questionnaires at baseline (week 0) and week 12. Multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale (MSES) was used to examine the task efficacy, coping efficacy, and scheduling efficacy for exercise. Duration, frequency, and energy expenditure of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using the seven-day physical activity recall questionnaire (PAR). Participants’ perceived barriers to exercise were also assessed. Data were analyzed to examine the relationships between self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and physical activity, and the predicted effects of self-efficacy on physical activity.
Results: There were significant relationships between self-efficacy and physical activity at baseline. There were positive correlations between task efficacy and duration and energy expenditure of MVPA.Both coping efficacy and scheduling efficacy were positively correlated with duration, frequency, andenergy expenditure of MVPA. Self-efficacy at baseline was also associated with physical activity at week 12, but only the scheduling efficacy at baseline was significantly and positively correlated with the duration and energy expenditure of MVPA at week 12. Both task and coping efficacy at baseline were not associated with physical activity at week 12.
The results of multiple regression analysis showed that at baseline, only scheduling efficacy could significantly predict the duration, frequency, and energy expenditure of MVPA. Also, only scheduling efficacy at baseline could significantly predict the duration, frequency, and energy expenditure of MVPA at week 12. Besides that, task efficacy at baseline was able to significantly predict the duration and energy expenditure of MVPA at week 12. Additionally, “Weather”, “Illness”, and “Lack of time” were the three most common perceived barriers to physical activity.
Conclusions: The results of the study suggested that scheduling efficacy can predict physical activity (i.e., duration, frequency, and energy expenditure of MVPA) in patients with coronary heart disease. And the most primary barriers to physical activity in this population are “Weather”, “Illness”, and “Lack of time”. It is suggested that when encouraging patients with coronary heart disease to exercise, in addition to providing exercise prescription, methods should be added to enhance patients’ scheduling efficacy and help them overcome the common barriers to physical activity in order to effectively increase the likelihood of physical activity participation in this population.

並列關鍵字

physical activity ； self-efficacy ； perceived barriers ； heart disease

參考文獻

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