護理之家住民照護需求及其相關因素

本研究目的在探討護理之家住民照護需求之現況及其預測因子。使用描述性相關研究設計，以分層取樣選取高雄市(縣)13家護理之家，採一對一訪談200位住民。研究工具採結構性問卷，內容包括：基本屬性、自覺健康狀況量表、社會支持及照護需求量表。研究結果發現：1.整體照護需求標準化分數為69.36，各次量表中以社會福利需求最高(標準化分數77.00)，其次為心理與靈性需求(標準化分數74.37)，最低者為身體照護需求(標準化分數59.14)。2. 研究對象基本屬性中，有伴侶者及有宗教信仰者其整體照護需求較高。與各次量表中的關係中，有伴侶者及有宗教信仰者其心理靈性需求較高；居住獨立型態護理之家的住民及有伴侶者其社會福利需求較高。3.自覺健康狀況整體標準化得分為58.4分。自覺健康狀況與整體照護需求無顯著相關。與各次量表中的關係中，自覺健康狀況高者，其心理靈性需求愈高。4.社會支持程度整體標準化得分為77.4分。社會支持與整體照護需求呈正相關，社會支持愈高，其身體照護需求與心理靈性需求愈高。5.社會支持、宗教信仰、婚姻狀況及自覺健康狀況為照護需求的重要預測因子，分別可解釋整體照護需求及心理靈性需求的總變異數為14.0％及16.2％。本研究結果有助於瞭解護理之家住民之照護需求及制定照護計畫之參考。

關鍵字

護理之家；住民；照護需求；社會支持；自覺健康狀況

並列摘要

The study aims were to probe the current care needs for residents at nursing homes and the relevant predictive factors. Descriptive and correlational research approach were adopted. Thirteen nursing homes located in Kaohsiung City (County) were selected through stratified sampling and 200 residents were interviewed individually. The research tool is a structured questionnaire, which includes basic personal attributes, self-perceived health scale, social support and care needs scale. The research findings are: 1. The standardized score for overall care needs was 69.36. Among each subscale, the need for social welfare was the highest (standardized score: 77.00). The next was the need for spiritual care (standardized score: 74.37) and the lowest one was the need for body care (standardized score: 59.14). 2. Concerning the basic personal attributes of the research objects, those who had a spouse or religion had a higher need for overall care. Concerning the relationship with each subscale, those who had a spouse or religion had a higher need for spiritual care, while those who lived in a free-standing nursing home or had a spouse had a higher need for social welfare. 3. The overall standardized score for self-perceived health status was 58.4. So there was no significant correlation between self-perceived health status and overall care needs. Concerning the relationship with each subscale, those who had a high self-perceived health status had a higher need for spiritual care. 4. The overall standardized score for social support degree was 77.4. The social support had positive correlation with the need for overall care. The higher the social support, the higher the need for body and spiritual care. 5. Social support, religion, marital status and self-perceived health status were the important predictive factors for care needs, which can explain the 14.0% and 16.2% of total variations for overall care needs and spiritual care respectively. These research findings help us better understand the care needs for residents at nursing homes and can be used as a reference for drawing up nursing care plans.