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  • 學位論文

退休與社會資本之相關性探討

The Relationships Between Retirement and Social Capital.

指導教授 : 王劼

摘要


背景與目的:隨著平均餘命延長,台灣邁入高齡化社會,相關老年議題逐漸 受到重視。是否退休及社會資本多寡皆為影響中老年生理、心理健康重要因素,但現階段退休與社會資本之研究多為退休與健康、社會資本與健康、退休與單一範疇社會資本等主題之橫斷式研究,較少以具代表性之老年樣本針對是否退休與整體社會資本之相關性進行探討,故本研究將以具全國代表性之樣本為研究對象,探討是否退休與台灣中老年人社會資本之相關性。 研究方法:本研究為縱貫式世代研究,使用2003年與2007年國民健康局「中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」為資料來源,研究樣本經篩選後總樣本數共3268人;其中已退休者有1171人,未退休者有2097人。社會資本之測量方式以社會參與程度、接受情緒性支持、接受工具性支持及社會信任等面向進行測量。統計方式以線性迴歸、二元羅吉斯迴歸進行分析。 結果:本研究發現,退休與社會參與、接受情緒性支持呈現顯著負相關,而退休與接受工具性支持與社會信任則未達顯著相關。 結論:退休中老年人社會參與程度以及接受情緒性支持程度皆較未退休中老年人低,中老年人退休前多以工作為重心,退休後回歸家庭,缺乏同儕、家人之間連結,社會網絡驟減,相對減少參與及支持,退休中老年人應積極參與自己有興趣之社會活動,發展退休後生活重心、自我價值,並開拓全新社會網絡,除能刺激生活外,也能擴大網絡,增加獲得情緒性支持的機會,此外,家人與親屬間的情緒性支持、陪伴參與,也為協助增加中老年社會資本之關鍵,避免退休中老年人生活無重心,產生憂鬱、壓力、生理失能、情緒不穩定之狀況。而政府現行推廣之健康城市、社區營造,也應積極引導退休中老年人投入,運用自身經驗交換與協助社會發展,達成老年人力再造,促進全體中老年人身心健康之目標。 關鍵字:退休、社會資本、社會參與、社會支持、社會信任。

並列摘要


Background and Study Purpose: Previous studies have found close relationships between retirement status and health as well as between social capital and health in the elderly population. However, few studies have specifically determined whether retirement is associated with various domains of social capital, particularly for the Asian elderly population. This study examines the relationships between retirement and social capital, as measured by social participation, receipt of emotional support, receipt of instrumental social support, and social trust. Method: Data for this longitudinal cohort study came from 2003 and 2007 waves of the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan. Among the final sample of 3268 community-dwelling elderly, 1171 were categorized as retired, while 2097 were not retired in 2007. Multiple regression and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Retirement is associated with lower social participation and less receipt of emotional social support but not with receipt of instrumental social support or social trust. Conclusion: Compared to the non-retired elderly, the retired elderly have lower level of social participation and receipt of emotional support. This may be due to their focus on their work prior to their retirement and subsequently their retirement caused reduced contact with their family members and colleagues. Their social network, social support, and social participation decreased as a result. The retired elderly should actively participate in social events to refocus their post-retirement life and develop new social networks so as to obtain more social support. This in turn will help them avoid depression, disability, and enhance their health. The government should encourage the elderly to participate in activities related to health promotion initiatives, such as “healthy city” or “community empowerment.”Their rich life experiences will promote community development as well as fulfill their social responsibilities. These, in turn, will help the elderly to improve their health.

參考文獻


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