社區老人之退休與憂鬱傾向相關性探討

The Relationship between Retirement and Depression in `Community-dwelling Older Person

吳淑芬(Shu-Fen Wu)

指導教授 ： 王劼

長榮大學/健康科學學院/醫務管理學系(所)/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2015.00086

摘要

背景與目的：隨著高齡化社會來臨，除了失智症，老人憂鬱症問題更需重視，老年憂鬱症已經被視為是常見的老年心理健康殺手。65歲以上老年人罹患憂鬱症的比例約15~26%，較失智症5~10%的比例高出約3倍。臨床經驗與社會觀念普遍認為退休後的失落感易引發憂鬱情緒讓憂鬱傾向加劇，因此本研究藉由CES-D量表探討社區退休者憂鬱傾向相關因素。

研究方法：本研究屬縱貫式世代研究，採用衛生福利部國民健康署「中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查系列」之第五次(2003)及第六次(2007)調查資料。對象為2003年54歲以上，2007年61歲以上共2085人。以退休、憂鬱傾向、人口特性、自覺健康、認知功能、疾病數、壓力、社會支持等次級資料進行分析，分析退休與憂鬱傾向相關性。統計方法包含:描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、多元羅吉斯迴歸分析。

研究結果：本研究結果顯示在未控制人口學特性及控制變項因素下，退休人員較未退休人員罹患憂鬱風險值降為0.98倍，未達顯著相關。加入人口學特性與控制變項後，退休人員相較於未退休人員憂鬱風險值為1.02倍，退休與憂鬱未達顯著相關。在男性退休人員相較於未退休人員憂鬱風險值為0.9倍，女性退休人員相較於未退休人員憂鬱風險值為1.13倍，但不論男女與退休憂鬱傾向均呈現不顯著相關。

結論：本研究之目的在於探討退休是否影響憂鬱傾向，透過為期五年的長期追蹤資料，瞭解退休非憂鬱傾向之相關因素，反而是環境因素可能影響憂鬱傾向，透過本研究，期待做為中、高齡者退休與社會福利服務提供或政策制定之參考。

關鍵字

退休 ； 憂鬱傾向 ； 社區老人 ； 心理健康 ； 活耀老化

並列摘要

Background & Objectives
With the advent of an aging society, in addition to dementia, depression problem is even more emphasis on the elderly, elderly depression has been regarded as a common killer of elderly mental health. 65 years old suffer from depression in a ratio of about 15 to 26%, compared with dementia 5 to 10% higher by about 3 times. Clinical experience and social values generally considered a sense of loss after retirement easily lead to depression tends to exacerbate let moody, so this study by CES-D depression scale of Community retirees tendency relevant factors.

Methods
This study belongs longitudinal cohort study type, using Department of Health and the National Health Service "social living conditions of the elderly long-term physical and psychological follow-up investigation series" The Fifth (2003) and sixth (2007) survey data. The object is 54 years of age in 2003, in 2007 a total of 2085 people over 61 years. In retirement, depression tendencies, demographic characteristics, perceived health, cognitive function, the number of diseases, stress, social support and other secondary data analysis, analysis of retirement and depression tendencies relevance. Statistical methods include: descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent sample t test, multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
he results of the study appear in the demographic characteristics of uncontrolled variables and factors under the control of retiree retirees suffer from depression than those without value dropped to 0.98 times the risk, significantly less than relevant. After addition of demographic characteristics and control variables, retirees are not retirees depression risk compared to the value of 1.02 times, significantly less than the retirement and depression-related. In the male retirees are not retirees compared to 0.9 times the risk of depression in women compared to retirees are not retirees is 1.13 times the risk of depression, but both men and women and retirement depression showed no significant correlation tendency.

Conclusion
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the impact of depression tendency retirement, through long-term tracking data for a period of five years, the understanding of the relevant factors of retired non-depressive tendencies, but environmental factors may influence depressive tendencies, through this study, as expected, the Elderly retirement and social welfare service providers or policymakers of reference.

並列關鍵字

Retirement ； depression tendencies ； community elderly ； mental health ； dashing aging

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