以社會資本探討屏東縣泰武鄉平和社區發展協會之發展

THE STORY OF PING-HE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, PING-TUNG COUNTY：A CASE STUDY

蔡辰苹(Chen-Ping Tsai)

指導教授 ： 謝祿宜

長榮大學/人文社會學院/社會工作學系(所)/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2013.00186

摘要

台灣原鄉的社區中，居住人數逐年減少，留在部落中的多為老人及幼童，年輕一輩因生存的外移或是無力傳承，原住民文化在承續的斷層中一點一滴的流失；長期資源不足導致教育程度普遍偏低；且偏重於高風險的勞力工作，在政府開放外籍勞工政策之後，更加深了部落中失業率偏高以及實質所得偏低的現象。在排灣族比悠瑪部落中的屏東縣平和社區發展協會，試圖運用社區總體營造以及福利社區化的政策來回應部落困境，發展出部落全母語托育班、老人關懷據點、課後照顧、咖啡屋...等服務，期望發揮部落中相互照顧的文化來回應上述問題。社會資本在社區發展中佔有相當重要的地位，因此，本研究分析協會從民國84年成立至今服務發展過程中社會資本之流動，並了解社會資本對於協會人力運用之重要性。
研究者在協會中實習，經由協會的引薦下找到訪談者並取得同意，訪談對象共計13位，本個案研究採取觀察法、深度訪談、日記與日誌、檔案與文件紀錄做為蒐集研究資料的方法，整理出協會發展之歷程事件，主要分為成立緣由、服務發展、組織管理、人力資源運用以及永續發展來進行探討。研究發現，部落傳統文化為協會發展社會資本的基礎，信任與互惠合作強化協會社會資本網絡，協會創造在地就業找回部落族人歸屬感，進而產生團結深化資本，社會網絡資源促進資訊流動，以及協會中關鍵人物的出現讓原本的家族網絡擴展至多元社區網絡。因此建議協會持續以深化部落傳統文化傳承為強化社區信賴網絡基礎，活化理監事網絡深耕內聚式社會資本，運用社會資本增加自有財源並增加營運獨立性。

關鍵字

社會資本 ； 社區發展協會 ； 比悠瑪 ； 平和村

並列摘要

There are some common phenomena shared by the aboriginal communities in Taiwan: 1) a massive migration to cities, those who remained were mostly children and elderly people; 2) Culture heritage is difficult because of the migration; 3) suffering from long-term marginalization, residents are with a lower educational status; (4) residents are often participaing in a high risk, labour-intensive environment, (5) the higher umemployment rate of the mid-age population and the lower real income earning due to the implantation of the governmental foreign labour policy.In an attempt to improve Tribe's status, the Association made the best of the governmental policies of Development and Cultural Revival and Welfare Comunitization. Their services include, for example, the establishment of the care station for seniors, after-school activities for students, a community-base coffee shop, and bio-lingual nursery.
The concepts of social capital play an important role in the study of community development. This thesis explores the story of the Pinghe Community Development Association. Through the analysis of the social capital flows, this thesis is trying to help readers understanding the importance of human resources in the development of a community-based association.
The study is using the following ways for data collection: (1) in-depth interviews: the origin of the case study, its brief history and critical change events....ect. 13 people were interviewed. (2) secondary data analysis: organizational meetings minutes , work logs, news reports, articles from relevant seminars, literature ...ect. (3) the participant observation: the author had involved in the daily operation of the Association for a year in order to get a more comprehesive understanding of the activities.
The thesis argues that the characteristics of Paiwan's traditional culture, for instance, trust and mutual beneficial cooperation may strengthen the association's social capital. Furthermore, the networking system could create local employment opportunities and deepen the sense of belonging for Paiwan people. As a result, it generates tribal solidarity, human resources flexibility, a cohesive management, and informational flows. In other words, the practices of their traditional cultures provide a solid basis of social capital. By deepening their communal network, it helps to increase revenues and the sustainable development of the association.

並列關鍵字

Socail Capital ； Community Development Association ； Piuma Ping-He

參考文獻

鄭錫鍇(2002)。國改研究報告:社會資本與政府再造。財團法人國家政策研究基金會。

王嵩山(2001)。台灣原住民的社會與文化。台北:聯經。

萬智宇(2007)。客家族群社區參與之研究:以南桃園地區社區發展協會為例。中央大學客家政治經濟研究所碩士論文。

鄭蓁筠(2009)。社區發展協會實務社群之研究:以台中縣松雅社區發展協會為例。暨南國際大學終身學習與人力資源發展研究所碩士論文。

顏香蘭(2007)。公部門與社區發展協會夥伴關係之研究:以臺北市為例。元智大學管理研究所研究所碩士論文。