丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物製造廠作業勞工揮發性有機化合物暴露測定

Exposure Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds for Workers in an Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Manufacturing Factory

張雅芬(Ya-Fen Chang)

指導教授 ： 吳俊德

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本研究收集丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ABS)製造廠作業勞工空氣暴露測定與尿液樣本，測定其丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯等其他揮發性有機化合物暴露濃度，主要研究目的為：(1)描繪作業勞工丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯三種化合物及其他揮發性有機化合物的暴露實態；(2)探討作業勞工尿液與空氣中丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯三種化合物暴露濃度的相關性；(3)評估作業勞工丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯三種化合物暴露外部劑量與內部劑量的關係。本研究研究對象選自一個ABS製造廠作業勞工，他們被要求配戴個人空氣採樣器收集個人空氣暴露樣本及尿液樣本，利用問卷調查及工作記錄表，收集他們的工作時間活動模式以及疾病史。以熱脫附儀搭配火焰離子化偵測器氣相層析儀分析空氣測定樣本中丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯三種化合物及其他揮發性有機化合物的暴露濃度，以頂空氣體進樣搭配氣相層析質譜儀分析尿液樣本中丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯三種化合物暴露濃度。所收集數據以SPSS統計套裝軟體計算描述性統計值，以描繪勞工三種化合物及其他揮發性有機化合物的暴露實態。本研究一共獲得192個個人暴露測定樣本及37個勞工尿液樣本，分析結果顯示此工廠作業勞工在丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯和苯乙烯三種化合物8-小時時量加權平均暴露濃度(標準偏差)分別為0.95 (0.00)、0.96 (1.40)和16.93 (69.97) ppb，均遠低於個別的職業暴露限值。丙烯腈的測值全部低於方法偵測極限，三個化合物在簡單線性迴歸分析上，均呈現無統計上顯著意義相關(r<0.10)。勞工三種化合物空氣暴露測定濃度與其尿液樣本中三種化合物本體和代謝物的測定濃度的相關，均未達統計上顯著意義，但1,3-丁二烯和苯乙烯的多個代謝物測定濃度間，卻存在統計上顯著意義相關(r=0.37~0.99)。由於此工廠在這三個化合物暴露控制良好，勞工僅有低濃度暴露，三種化合物暴露外部與內部劑量的相關不顯著。

關鍵字

丙烯腈 ； 1,3-丁二烯 ； 苯乙烯 ； 個人暴露測定 ； 尿液樣本

並列摘要

In this study the air exposure sampling and urine samples were collected to quantify the exposure levels of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, styrene and other volatile organic compounds for the workers in a factory of manufacturing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer. The objective of this study were: (1) to characterize the exposure profiles of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, styrene and other volatile organic compounds of the workers; (2) to explore the correlations between exposure concentrations of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene; and (3) to evaluate the associations between external and internal doses of exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene for the workers. The study subjects were recruited from an ABS copolymer manufacturing factory. They were asked to wear sampling pumps to take air exposure sampling samples, provide their urine samples and fill questionnaires of work-time activity and personal disease information. A thermal desorption system equipped with gas chromatography/flame ionization detector was used to quantify the concentrations of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, styrene and other volatile organic compounds for the air exposure sampling samples. A headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the levels of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the urine samples. All exposure measurements data and relevant information were integrated into the statistical software package of SPSS for statistical data analyses and exposure profile characterization of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene for the workers. A total of 192 personal air exposure samples and 37 urine samples were collected. The results of exposure data analyses indicated that the means (standard deviations) of 8-hour time-weighted average exposure for acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene were 0.95 (0.00), 0.96 (1.40) and 16.93 (69.97) ppb, respectively. The exposure mean concentrations of these three compounds were far below their corresponding occupational exposure limits. All the exposure measurements of acrylonitrile were lower than its quantification detection limit. These three compounds did not show any statistically significant correlation (r<0.10) in simple linear regression analyses. Also the exposure concentrations of these three compounds measured from the air exposure samples did not have any statistically significant association with any of the parent compounds and their metabolites quantified in the urine samples. But some statistically significant correlations (r=0.37~0.99) existed between the levels of the metabolites of 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the urine samples. The exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene for the workers in this factory was well controlled. The workers only received low levels exposure to these compounds. The correlation between external and internal doses was not statistically significant.

並列關鍵字

acrylonitrile ； 1,3-butadiene ； styrene ； personal exposure measurement ； urine sample

參考文獻

江玲蓁 (2014) 以空氣與尿液樣本測定石化廠作業勞工苯暴露,碩士論文,職業安全與衛生研究所,長榮大學

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